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Implicit neural networks, a.k.a., deep equilibrium networks, are a class of implicit-depth learning models where function evaluation is performed by solving a fixed point equation. They generalize classic feedforward models and are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Saber Jafarpour , Alexander Davydov , Anton V. Proskurnikov , Francesco Bullo

We study the learnability of a class of compact operators known as Schatten--von Neumann operators. These operators between infinite-dimensional function spaces play a central role in a variety of applications in learning theory and inverse…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-25 Puoya Tabaghi , Maarten de Hoop , Ivan Dokmanić

Neural operators (NOs) employ deep neural networks to learn mappings between infinite-dimensional function spaces. Deep operator network (DeepONet), a popular NO architecture, has demonstrated success in the real-time prediction of complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Sharmila Karumuri , Lori Graham-Brady , Somdatta Goswami

Next generation deep neural networks for classification hosted on embedded platforms will rely on fast, efficient, and accurate learning algorithms. Initialization of weights in learning networks has a great impact on the classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-07-21 Julius , Gopinath Mahale , Sumana T. , C. S. Adityakrishna

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) excel at many tasks, often rivaling or surpassing human performance. Yet their internal processes remain elusive, frequently described as "black boxes." While performance can be refined experimentally, achieving…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-02-03 Sebastiano Ariosto

Establishing a theoretical analysis that explains why deep learning can outperform shallow learning such as kernel methods is one of the biggest issues in the deep learning literature. Towards answering this question, we evaluate excess…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-08 Taiji Suzuki , Shunta Akiyama

This paper presents a framework for bounding the approximation error in imitation model predictive controllers utilizing neural networks. Leveraging the Lipschitz properties of these neural networks, we derive a bound that guides dataset…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-27 Hendrik Alsmeier , Lukas Theiner , Anton Savchenko , Ali Mesbah , Rolf Findeisen

Deep neural networks have achieved tremendous success due to their representation power and adaptation to low-dimensional structures. Their potential for estimating structured regression functions has been recently established in the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-02-14 Sohom Bhattacharya , Jianqing Fan , Debarghya Mukherjee

Operator learning is a recent development in the simulation of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) by means of neural networks. The idea behind this approach is to learn the behavior of an operator, such that the resulting neural network…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-15 Ahmed Abdeljawad , Thomas Dittrich

Deep neural networks (DNNs) achieve remarkable predictive performance but remain difficult to interpret, largely due to overparameterization that obscures the minimal structure required for interpretation. Here we introduce DeepIn, a…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-26 Zhiyao Tan , Liu Li , Huazhen Lin

Optimal experimental design is a well studied field in applied science and engineering. Techniques for estimating such a design are commonly used within the framework of parameter estimation. Nonetheless, in recent years parameter…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-13 Md Shahriar Rahim Siddiqui , Arman Rahmim , Eldad Haber

This paper introduces \textbf{Measure Learning}, a paradigm for modeling ambiguity via non-linear expectations. We define Neural Expectation Operators as solutions to Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (BSDEs) whose drivers are…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-16 Qian Qi

Classical assumptions like strong convexity and Lipschitz smoothness often fail to capture the nature of deep learning optimization problems, which are typically non-convex and non-smooth, making traditional analyses less applicable. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Binchuan Qi , Wei Gong , Li Li

We propose a very general framework for deriving rigorous bounds on the approximation error for physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) and operator learning architectures such as DeepONets and FNOs as well as for physics-informed operator…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Tim De Ryck , Siddhartha Mishra

Neural Operators that directly learn mappings between function spaces, such as Deep Operator Networks (DONs) and Fourier Neural Operators (FNOs), have received considerable attention. Despite the universal approximation guarantees for DONs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Pedro Cisneros-Velarde , Bhavesh Shrimali , Arindam Banerjee

One of the arguments to explain the success of deep learning is the powerful approximation capacity of deep neural networks. Such capacity is generally accompanied by the explosive growth of the number of parameters, which, in turn, leads…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Zuowei Shen , Haizhao Yang , Shijun Zhang

We consider the problem of learning an unknown, possibly nonlinear operator between separable Hilbert spaces from supervised data. Inputs are drawn from a prescribed probability measure on the input space, and outputs are (possibly noisy)…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-15 John Turnage , Matthew Lowery , John Jakeman , Zachary Morrow , Akil Narayan , Varun Shankar

This study investigates leveraging stochastic gradient descent (SGD) to learn operators between general Hilbert spaces. We propose weak and strong regularity conditions for the target operator to depict its intrinsic structure and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-13 Lei Shi , Jia-Qi Yang

The skip-connections used in residual networks have become a standard architecture choice in deep learning due to the increased training stability and generalization performance with this architecture, although there has been limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Spencer Frei , Yuan Cao , Quanquan Gu

We present a generalized version of the discretization-invariant neural operator and prove that the network is a universal approximation in the operator sense. Moreover, by incorporating additional terms in the architecture, we establish a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-07-20 Zecheng Zhang , Wing Tat Leung , Hayden Schaeffer
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