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Spring-based actuators in legged locomotion provide energy-efficiency and improved performance, but increase the difficulty of controller design. While previous work has focused on extensive modeling and simulation to find optimal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Antonin Raffin , Daniel Seidel , Jens Kober , Alin Albu-Schäffer , João Silvério , Freek Stulp

Designing control policies for legged locomotion is complex due to the under-actuated and non-continuous robot dynamics. Model-free reinforcement learning provides promising tools to tackle this challenge. However, a major bottleneck of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Tsung-Yen Yang , Tingnan Zhang , Linda Luu , Sehoon Ha , Jie Tan , Wenhao Yu

Miniature-legged robots are constrained by their onboard computation and control, thus motivating the need for simple, first-principles-based geometric models that connect \emph{periodic actuation or gaits} (a universal robot control…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Hari Krishna Hari Prasad , Ross L. Hatton , Kaushik Jayaram

Legged locomotion is commonly studied and expressed as a discrete set of gait patterns, like walk, trot, gallop, which are usually treated as given and pre-programmed in legged robots for efficient locomotion at different speeds. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Zipeng Fu , Ashish Kumar , Jitendra Malik , Deepak Pathak

It is often overlooked by roboticists when designing locomotion controllers for their legged machines, that energy consumption plays an important role in selecting the best gaits for locomotion at high speeds or over long distances. The…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Yasser G. Alqaham , Jing Cheng , Zhenyu Gan

This paper presents a framework that leverages both control theory and machine learning to obtain stable and robust bipedal locomotion without the need for manual parameter tuning. Traditionally, gaits are generated through trajectory…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Maegan Tucker , Noel Csomay-Shanklin , Wen-Loong Ma , Aaron D. Ames

Climbing, crouching, bridging gaps, and walking up stairs are just a few of the advantages that quadruped robots have over wheeled robots, making them more suitable for navigating rough and unstructured terrain. However, executing such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Guillaume Gagné-Labelle , Vassil Atanassov , Ioannis Havoutis

Stable gait generation is a crucial problem for legged robot locomotion as this impacts other critical performance factors such as, e.g. mobility over an uneven terrain and power consumption. Gait generation stability results from the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Vyacheslav Kovalev , Anna Shkromada , Henni Ouerdane , Pavel Osinenko

A vast number of applications for legged robots entail tasks in complex, dynamic environments. But these environments put legged robots at high risk for limb damage. This paper presents an empirical study of fault tolerant dynamic gaits…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Abriana Stewart-Height , Daniel E. Koditschek

Legged robots can traverse challenging terrain, use perception to plan their safe foothold positions, and navigate the environment. Such unique mobility capabilities make these platforms a perfect candidate for scenarios such as search and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Prathamesh Saraf , Abhishek Sarkar , Arshad Javed

Multi-legged robots offer enhanced stability in complex terrains, yet autonomously learning natural and robust motions in such environments remains challenging. Drawing inspiration from animals' progressive learning patterns, from simple to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Yinghui Li , Jinze Wu , Xin Liu , Weizhong Guo , Yufei Xue

Quadruped animals seamlessly transition between gaits as they change locomotion speeds. While the most widely accepted explanation for gait transitions is energy efficiency, there is no clear consensus on the determining factor, nor on the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Milad Shafiee , Guillaume Bellegarda , Auke Ijspeert

Quadruped locomotion is rapidly maturing to a degree where robots are able to realise highly dynamic manoeuvres. However, current planners are unable to vary key gait parameters of the in-swing feet midair. In this work we address this…

Reinforcement learning method is extremely competitive in gait generation techniques for quadrupedal robot, which is mainly due to the fact that stochastic exploration in reinforcement training is beneficial to achieve an autonomous gait.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Yu Wang , Wenchuan Jia , Yi Sun , Dong He

Hybrid track/wheel-legged robots combine the advantages of wheel-based and leg-based locomotion, granting adaptability across varied terrains through efficient transitions between rolling and walking modes. However, automating these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Jie Wang , Krispin Davies

Galloping is a common high-speed gait in both animals and quadrupedal robots, yet its energetic characteristics remain insufficiently explored. This study systematically analyzes a large number of possible galloping gaits by categorizing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Yasser G. Alqaham , Jing Cheng , Zhenyu Gan

While quadruped robots usually have good stability and load capacity, bipedal robots offer a higher level of flexibility / adaptability to different tasks and environments. A multi-modal legged robot can take the best of both worlds. In…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Chen Yu , Andre Rosendo

This work introduces a model-free reinforcement learning framework that enables various modes of motion (quadruped, tripod, or biped) and diverse tasks for legged robot locomotion. We employ a motion-style reward based on a relaxed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Gijeong Kim , Yong-Hoon Lee , Hae-Won Park

We present a model-based framework for robot locomotion that achieves walking based on only 4.5 minutes (45,000 control steps) of data collected on a quadruped robot. To accurately model the robot's dynamics over a long horizon, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Yuxiang Yang , Ken Caluwaerts , Atil Iscen , Tingnan Zhang , Jie Tan , Vikas Sindhwani

We present a unified gait-conditioned reinforcement learning framework that enables humanoid robots to perform standing, walking, running, and smooth transitions within a single recurrent policy. A compact reward routing mechanism…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Tianhu Peng , Lingfan Bao , Chengxu Zhou