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While Hopfield networks are known as paradigmatic models for memory storage and retrieval, modern artificial intelligence systems mainly stand on the machine learning paradigm. We show that it is possible to formulate a teacher-student…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-01-02 Francesco Alemanno , Luca Camanzi , Gianluca Manzan , Daniele Tantari

The aim of this thesis is to compare the capacity of different models of neural networks. We start by analysing the problem solving capacity of a single perceptron using a simple combinatorial argument. After some observations on the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2022-11-15 Leonardo Cruciani

Hebbian learning is a biological principle that intuitively describes how neurons adapt their connections through repeated stimuli. However, when applied to machine learning, it suffers serious issues due to the unconstrained updates of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Shikuang Deng , Jiayuan Zhang , Yuhang Wu , Ting Chen , Shi Gu

We propose to address the issue of sample efficiency, in Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN), with a semi-supervised training strategy that combines Hebbian learning with gradient descent: all internal layers (both convolutional and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Gabriele Lagani , Fabrizio Falchi , Claudio Gennaro , Giuseppe Amato

Neural networks are commonly trained to make predictions through learning algorithms. Contrastive Hebbian learning, which is a powerful rule inspired by gradient backpropagation, is based on Hebb's rule and the contrastive divergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-21 Georgios Detorakis , Travis Bartley , Emre Neftci

The Hopfield recurrent neural network is a classical auto-associative model of memory, in which collections of symmetrically-coupled McCulloch-Pitts neurons interact to perform emergent computation. Although previous researchers have…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2015-06-09 Christopher Hillar , Ngoc M. Tran

A set of fixed points of the Hopfield type neural network was under investigation. Its connection matrix is constructed with regard to the Hebb rule from a highly symmetric set of the memorized patterns. Depending on the external parameter…

Biological Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hong-Liang Lu , Xi-Jun Qiu

Asymptotic synchronization is one of the essential differences between artificial neural networks and biologically inspired neural networks due to mismatches from dynamical update of weight parameters and heterogeneous activations. In this…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-07-01 Yuncheng You

We propose and analyze a new variation of the so-called {\em exponential Hopfield model}, a recently introduced family of associative neural networks with unprecedented storage capacity. Our construction is based on a cost function defined…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-09-09 Linda Albanese , Andrea Alessandrelli , Adriano Barra , Peter Sollich

Restricted Boltzmann Machines are key tools in Machine Learning and are described by the energy function of bipartite spin-glasses. From a statistical mechanical perspective, they share the same Gibbs measure of Hopfield networks for…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-08-02 Elena Agliari , Adriano Barra , Chiara Longo , Daniele Tantari

Associative memory or content addressable memory is an important component function in computer science and information processing and is a key concept in cognitive and computational brain science. Many different neural network…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Anders Lansner , Naresh B Ravichandran , Pawel Herman

A general scheme to realize a perceptron for hardware neural networks is presented, where multiple interconnections are achieved by a superposition of Schrodinger waves. Spatially patterned potentials process information by coupling…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2015-06-22 T. Espinosa-Ortega , T. C. H. Liew

The Hopfield model provides a paradigmatic framework for associative memory. Its classical implementation, based on the Hebbian learning rule, suffers from catastrophic forgetting: when one attempts storing too many patterns, the network…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-03-11 Enzo Marinari , Saverio Rossi , Francesco Zamponi

Statistical mechanics of spin glasses is one of the main strands toward a comprehension of information processing by neural networks and learning machines. Tackling this approach, at the fairly standard replica symmetric level of…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-12-18 Linda Albanese , Andrea Alessandrelli , Alessia Annibale , Adriano Barra

An important difference between brains and deep neural networks is the way they learn. Nervous systems learn online where a stream of noisy data points are presented in a non-independent, identically distributed (non-i.i.d.) way. Further,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Nick Alonso , Jeff Krichmar

We introduce a three-dimensional vectorial extension of the Hopfield associative-memory model in which each neuron is a unit vector on $S^2$ and synaptic couplings are $3\times 3$ blocks generated through a vectorial Hebbian rule. The…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-12-10 F. Gallavotti , A. Zaccone

We present an algorithm to store binary memories in a Hopfield neural network using minimum probability flow, a recent technique to fit parameters in energy-based probabilistic models. In the case of memories without noise, our algorithm…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2015-05-21 Christopher Hillar , Jascha Sohl-Dickstein , Kilian Koepsell

The research presented in this paper advances the integration of Hebbian learning into Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for image processing, systematically exploring different architectures to build an optimal configuration, adhering…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Julian Jimenez Nimmo , Esther Mondragon

We discuss prototype formation in the Hopfield network. Typically, Hebbian learning with highly correlated states leads to degraded memory performance. We show this type of learning can lead to prototype formation, where unlearned states…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Hayden McAlister , Anthony Robins , Lech Szymanski

For the Hopfield model with the Hebb connection matrix we investigate the case of $p$ memorized patterns that are distorted copies of the same {\it standard}. In other words, we try to simulate that learning always takes place by means of…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 L. B. Litinskii