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Intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs), with masses between 100 to 10^5 M_\odot, represent the link between stellar mass black holes and the supermassive black holes that reside in galaxy centers. While IMBHs are crucial to our understanding…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-07-25 Jenna M. Cann , Shobita Satyapal , Nicholas P. Abel , Claudio Ricci , Nathan J. Secrest , Laura Blecha , Mario Gliozzi

We investigate the evolution of intermediate-mass (IMBHs), stellar (BHs) and binary black holes (BHBs), deposited near a supermassive black hole (SMBH) by a population of massive star clusters. Stellar BHs rapidly segregate around the SMBH,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-11-28 Manuel Arca-Sedda , Roberto Capuzzo-Dolcetta

It is widely accepted that black holes (BHs) with masses greater than a million solar masses (Msun) lurk at the centres of massive galaxies. The origins of such `supermassive' black holes (SMBHs) remain unknown (Djorgovski et al. 1999),…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-09-06 Tomoharu Oka , Shiho Tsujimoto , Yuhei Iwata , Mariko Nomura , Shunya Takekawa

We investigate the evolution of star clusters containing intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) of $300$ to $5000\ \mathrm{M}_\odot$, focusing on the formation and evolution of IMBH-stellar mass black holes (SBHs; $M_{\rm BH} \lesssim 10^2\…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-03-31 Seungjae Lee , Hyung Mok Lee , Ji-hoon Kim , Rainer Spurzem , Jongsuk Hong , Eunwoo Chung

In many theoretical scenarios it is expected that intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs, with masses M ~ 100-10000 solar masses) reside at the centers of some globular clusters. However, observational evidence for their existence is limited.…

The dynamical formation of black hole binaries in globular clusters that merge due to gravitational waves occurs more frequently in higher stellar density. Meanwhile, the probability to form intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs) also…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-09-09 Jongsuk Hong , Abbas Askar , Mirek Giersz , Arkadiusz Hypki , Suk-Jin Yoon

Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) have masses of about 100 to 100,000 solar masses. They remain elusive. Observing IMBHs in present-day globular clusters (GCs) would validate a formation channel for seed black holes in the early…

Recently, an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) candidate was announced in the Galactic globular cluster Omega Centauri. IMBHs at the lower end of the traditional mass range have also been detected through gravitational-wave transients,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-02 Miguel A. S. Martinez , Elena González Prieto , Frederic A. Rasio

It has been assumed that intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) in globular clusters can only reside in the most centrally concentrated clusters, with a so-called `core-collapsed' density profile. While this would be a natural guess, it is…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Holger Baumgardt , Junichiro Makino , Piet Hut

The processes that govern the formation of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) in dense stellar clusters are still unclear. Here, we discuss the role of stellar mergers, star-BH interactions and accretion, as well as BH binary (BBH)…

Using ground-based gravitational-wave detectors, we probe the mass function of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) wherein we also include BHs in the upper mass gap $\sim 60-130~M_\odot$. Employing the projected sensitivity of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-01-25 Ajit Kumar Mehta , Alessandra Buonanno , Jonathan Gair , M. Coleman Miller , Ebraheem Farag , R. J. deBoer , M. Wiescher , F. X. Timmes

The hydrodynamic formation of massive black holes (BHs) in globular clusters is considered. In particular, we examine the possibility of the BH formation induced by the radiation drag that is exerted on the interstellar matter by stellar…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Nozomu Kawakatu , Masayuki Umemura

We present direct N-body simulations, carried out with Nbody6++GPU, of young and compact low metallicity star clusters with $1.1\times 10^5$ stars, a velocity dispersion of $\sim$ 10 $\mathrm{km\,s^{-1}}$, a half mass radius $R_h=0.6$ pc,…

Nuclear star clusters (NSCs) are dense stellar clusters observed in galactic nuclei, typically hosting a central massive black hole. Here we study the possible formation and evolution of NSCs through the inspiral of multiple star clusters…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-19 Alessandra Mastrobuono-Battisti , Hagai B. Perets , Abraham Loeb

Accretion of matter onto central Black Holes (BHs) in galaxies liberates enormous amounts of feedback energy, which influence the formation and evolution of structures, affecting the environment from pc to Mpc scales. These BHs are usually…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-03-15 Paramita Barai , Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino

Intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs) with a mass between $10^{2}$ and $10^{5}$ times that of the sun, which bridges the {mass gap between the} stellar-mass black holes and the supermassive black holes, are crucial in understanding the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-05-05 Yun-Feng Liang , Yuan-Zhu Wang , Hao Wang , Xiang Li , Yi-Ming Hu , Zhi-Ping Jin , Yi-Zhong Fan , En-Wei Liang , Da-Ming Wei

Supermassive black holes are found in most galactic nuclei. A large fraction of these nuclei also contain a nuclear stellar cluster surrounding the black hole. Here we consider the idea that the nuclear stellar cluster formed first and that…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-03-18 Melvyn B. Davies , Abbas Askar , Ross P. Church

Stellar black hole (BH) binaries are one of the most promising gravitational wave (GW) sources for GW detection by the ground-based detectors. Nuclear star clusters (NCs) located at the centre of galaxies are known to harbour massive black…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-02-13 Jongsuk Hong , Hyung Mok Lee

Pair instability (PI) and pulsational PI prevent the formation of black holes (BHs) with mass $\gtrsim{}60$ M$_\odot$ from single star evolution. Here, we investigate the possibility that BHs with mass in the PI gap form via stellar mergers…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-07-22 Ugo N. Di Carlo , Michela Mapelli , Yann Bouffanais , Nicola Giacobbo , Filippo Santoliquido , Sandro Bressan , Mario Spera , Francesco Haardt

Intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs) may be the link between stellar mass holes and the supermassive variety in the nuclei of galaxies, and globular clusters (GCs) may be one of the most promising environments for their formation. Here we…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-12-20 Vivian L. Tang , Piero Madau , Elisa Bortolas , Eric W. Peng