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The increasing adoption of Cloud-based Large Language Models (CLLMs) has raised significant concerns regarding data privacy during user interactions. While existing approaches primarily focus on encrypting sensitive information, they often…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Dong Chen , Tong Yang , Feipeng Zhai , Pengpeng Ouyang , Qidong Liu , Yafei Li , Chong Fu , Mingliang Xu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate software artifacts across many software engineering (SE) tasks, yet ensuring the semantic validity of these artifacts remains a fundamental challenge. Existing constrained…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Boqi Chen , José Antonio Hernández López , Aren A. Babikian

Translating machine code into human-readable high-level languages is an open research problem in reverse engineering. Despite recent advancements in LLM-based decompilation to C, modern languages like Dart and Swift are unexplored. In this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Raafat Abualazm , Ayman Abo Elhassan

Semantic parsing aims to map natural language utterances onto machine interpretable meaning representations, aka programs whose execution against a real-world environment produces a denotation. Weakly-supervised semantic parsers are trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Bailin Wang , Ivan Titov , Mirella Lapata

The use of deep learning techniques has achieved significant progress for program synthesis from input-output examples. However, when the program semantics become more complex, it still remains a challenge to synthesize programs that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Kavi Gupta , Peter Ebert Christensen , Xinyun Chen , Dawn Song

Decompilation is the procedure of transforming binary programs into a high-level representation, such as source code, for human analysts to examine. While modern decompilers can reconstruct and recover much information that is discarded…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Pratyay Banerjee , Kuntal Kumar Pal , Fish Wang , Chitta Baral

Static program analysis plays an essential role in program optimization, bug detection, and debugging. However, reliance on compilation and limited customization hinder its adoption in the real world. This paper presents a compositional…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Chengpeng Wang , Yifei Gao , Wuqi Zhang , Xuwei Liu , Jinyao Guo , Mingwei Zheng , Qingkai Shi , Xiangyu Zhang

Making computer programming language more understandable and easy for the human is a longstanding problem. From assembly language to present day's object-oriented programming, concepts came to make programming easier so that a programmer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-28 K. M. Tahsin Hassan Rahit , Rashidul Hasan Nabil , Md Hasibul Huq

Binary decompilation aims to recover binaries into high-level source code, but existing evaluations mainly rely on syntactic similarity or single-axis readability metrics, which fail to capture practical reusability. We propose a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Puzhuo Liu , Yuhan Huang , Jianlei Chi , Peng Di , Yu Jiang

Decompilation transforms compiled code back into a high-level programming language for analysis when source code is unavailable. Previous work has primarily focused on enhancing decompilation performance by increasing the scale of model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Yunlong Feng , Dechuan Teng , Yang Xu , Honglin Mu , Xiao Xu , Libo Qin , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

Security experts reverse engineer (decompile) binary code to identify critical security vulnerabilities. The limited access to source code in vital systems - such as firmware, drivers, and proprietary software used in Critical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Dylan Manuel , Nafis Tanveer Islam , Joseph Khoury , Ana Nunez , Elias Bou-Harb , Peyman Najafirad

Even as deep neural networks have become very effective for tasks in vision and perception, it remains difficult to explain and debug their behavior. In this paper, we present a programmatic and semantic approach to explaining,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Edward Kim , Divya Gopinath , Corina Pasareanu , Sanjit Seshia

The rise of large language models (LLMs) is revolutionizing information retrieval, question answering, summarization, and code generation tasks. However, in addition to confidently presenting factually inaccurate information at times (known…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Henry Gilbert , Michael Sandborn , Douglas C. Schmidt , Jesse Spencer-Smith , Jules White

Designing natural language interfaces has historically required collecting supervised data to translate user requests into carefully designed intent representations. This requires enumerating and labeling a long tail of user requests, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Harsh Jhamtani , Hao Fang , Patrick Xia , Eran Levy , Jacob Andreas , Ben Van Durme

As one of the key tools in many security tasks, decompilers reconstruct human-readable source code from binaries. Yet, despite recent advances, their outputs often suffer from syntactic and semantic errors and remain difficult to read.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Muqi Zou , Hongyu Cai , Hongwei Wu , Zion Leonahenahe Basque , Arslan Khan , Berkay Celik , Dave , Tian , Antonio Bianchi , Ruoyu , Wang , Dongyan Xu

Code semantics similarity can be used for many tasks such as code recommendation, automated software defect correction, and clone detection. Yet, the accuracy of such systems has not yet reached a level of general purpose reliability. To…

Decompilation converts machine code into human-readable form, enabling analysis and debugging without source code. However, fidelity issues often degrade the readability and semantic accuracy of decompiled output. Existing methods, such as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Zhiping Zhou , Xiaohong Li , Ruitao Feng , Yao Zhang , Yuekang Li , Wenbu Feng , Yunqian Wang , Yuqing Li

Decompilers are fundamental tools for critical security tasks, from vulnerability discovery to malware analysis, yet their evaluation remains fragmented. Existing approaches primarily focus on syntactic correctness through synthetic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Zeyu Gao , Yuxin Cui , Hao Wang , Siliang Qin , Yuanda Wang , Bolun Zhang , Chao Zhang

Decompilation is a well-studied area with numerous high-quality tools available. These are frequently used for security tasks and to port legacy code. However, they regularly generate difficult-to-read programs and require a large amount of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Jordi Armengol-Estapé , Jackson Woodruff , Chris Cummins , Michael F. P. O'Boyle

A C decompiler converts an executable into source code. The recovered C source code, once re-compiled, is expected to produce an executable with the same functionality as the original executable. With over twenty years of development, C…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Wai Kin Wong , Huaijin Wang , Zongjie Li , Zhibo Liu , Shuai Wang , Qiyi Tang , Sen Nie , Shi Wu