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Data privacy concerns often prevent the use of cloud-based machine learning services for sensitive personal data. While homomorphic encryption (HE) offers a potential solution by enabling computations on encrypted data, the challenge is to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Kanthi Sarpatwar , Karthik Nandakumar , Nalini Ratha , James Rayfield , Karthikeyan Shanmugam , Sharath Pankanti , Roman Vaculin

Machine learning models are often provisioned as a cloud-based service where the clients send their data to the service provider to obtain the result. This setting is commonplace due to the high value of the models, but it requires the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Jaewoo Park , Chenghao Quan , Hyungon Moon , Jongeun Lee

Homomorphic Encryption (HE) enables computation on encrypted data without decryption, making it a cornerstone of privacy-preserving computation in untrusted environments. As HE sees growing adoption in sensitive applications such as secure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Matias Mazzanti , Augusto Vega , Pradip Bose , Esteban Mocskos

Privacy and energy are primary concerns for sensor devices that offload compute to a potentially untrusted edge server or cloud. Homomorphic Encryption (HE) enables offload processing of encrypted data. HE offload processing retains data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-12 McKenzie van der Hagen , Brandon Lucia

Privacy-preserving neural network (NN) inference can be achieved by utilizing homomorphic encryption (HE), which allows computations to be directly carried out over ciphertexts. Popular HE schemes are built over large polynomial rings. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Sajjad Akherati , Xinmiao Zhang

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) enables privacy preserving computation but it suffers from high latency and memory consumption. The computations are secured with special keys called rotation keys which often take up the majority of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Eymen Ünay , Björn Franke , Jackson Woodruff

Homomorphic encryption (HE) is a privacy-preserving computation technique that enables computation on encrypted data. Today, the potential of HE remains largely unrealized as it is impractically slow, preventing it from being used in real…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Negar Neda , Austin Ebel , Benedict Reynwar , Brandon Reagen

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) changes sequence-model design because rotations, encrypted products, ciphertext materialization, multiplicative depth, and bootstrapping pressure can dominate ordinary neural-network costs. This paper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Luis Brito

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) promises the ability to compute over encrypted data without revealing sensitive contents. However, enabling high-frequency updates and statistical analysis in outsourced databases remains elusive due to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Dongfang Zhao

In this paper, we propose TensorFHE, an FHE acceleration solution based on GPGPU for real applications on encrypted data. TensorFHE utilizes Tensor Core Units (TCUs) to boost the computation of Number Theoretic Transform (NTT), which is the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Shengyu Fan , Zhiwei Wang , Weizhi Xu , Rui Hou , Dan Meng , Mingzhe Zhang

Homomorphic encryption (HE) is a promising technology for confidential cloud computing, as it allows computations on encrypted data. However, HE is computationally expensive and often memory-bound on conventional computer architectures.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Niklas Klinger , Jonas Sander , Peterson Yuhala , Pascal Felber , Thomas Eisenbarth

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) enables privacy-preserving Transformer inference, but long-sequence encrypted Transformers quickly exceed single-GPU memory capacity because encoded weights are already large and encrypted activations grow…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Zhaoting Gong , Ran Ran , Fan Yao , Wujie Wen

Word-wise Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) schemes, such as CKKS, are gaining significant traction due to their ability to provide post-quantum-resistant, privacy-preserving approximate computing; an especially desirable feature in…

Machine learning (ML) is widely used today, especially through deep neural networks (DNNs), however, increasing computational load and resource requirements have led to cloud-based solutions. To address this problem, a new generation of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Farzad Nikfam , Raffaele Casaburi , Alberto Marchisio , Maurizio Martina , Muhammad Shafique

The rapid growth of cloud computing and data-driven applications has amplified privacy concerns, driven by the increasing demand to process sensitive data securely. Homomorphic encryption (HE) has become a vital solution for addressing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Faneela , Jawad Ahmad , Baraq Ghaleb , Sana Ullah Jan , William J. Buchanan

Threshold fully homomorphic encryption (ThFHE) enables multiple parties to compute functions over their sensitive data without leaking data privacy. Most of existing ThFHE schemes are restricted to full threshold and require the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Yijia Chang , Songze Li

We propose a new homomorphic encryption scheme based on the hardness of decoding under independent random noise from certain affine families of codes. Unlike in previous lattice-based homomorphic encryption schemes, where the message is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-11-21 Andrej Bogdanov , Chin Ho Lee

Homomorphic encryption (HE) is a core building block in privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML), but HE is also widely known as its efficiency bottleneck. Therefore, many GPU-accelerated cryptographic schemes have been proposed to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yu Cui , Hang Fu , Licheng Wang , Haibin Zhang

Secure aggregation is widely used in horizontal Federated Learning (FL), to prevent leakage of training data when model updates from data owners are aggregated. Secure aggregation protocols based on Homomorphic Encryption (HE) have been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Zizhen Liu , Si Chen , Jing Ye , Junfeng Fan , Huawei Li , Xiaowei Li

Homomorphic Encryption (HE) is a commonly used tool for building privacy-preserving applications. However, in scenarios with many clients and high-latency networks, communication costs due to large ciphertext sizes are the bottleneck. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Rasoul Akhavan Mahdavi , Abdulrahman Diaa , Florian Kerschbaum