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Sharding is a promising technique for addressing the scalability issues of blockchain, and this technique is especially important for IoT, edge, or mobile computing. It divides the $n$ participating nodes into $s$ disjoint groups called…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Ramesh Adhikari , Costas Busch , Miroslav Popovic

Blockchain sharding improves the scalability of blockchain systems by partitioning the whole blockchain state, nodes, and transaction workloads into different shards. However, existing blockchain sharding systems generally suffer from a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-23 You Lin , Mingzhe Li , Jin Zhang

Blockchain like Bitcoin and Ethereum suffer from scalability issues. Sharding is one of the most promising and leading solutions to scale blockchain. The basic idea behind sharding is to divide the blockchain network into multiple…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Hafid Abdelatif , Senhaji Hafid Abdelhakim , Samih Mustapha

Blockchain Sharding is a blockchain performance enhancement approach. By splitting a blockchain into several parallel-run committees (shards), it helps increase transaction throughput, reduce computational resources required, and increase…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Yibin Xu , Jianhua Shao , Yangyu Huang , Tijs Slaats , Boris Düdder

The main problem faced by smart contract platforms is the amount of time and computational power required to reach consensus. In a classical blockchain model, each operation is in fact performed by each node, both to update the status and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Alessio Meneghetti , Tommaso Parise , Massimiliano Sala , Daniele Taufer

Scalability is one of the main roadblocks to business adoption of blockchain systems. Despite recent intensive research on using sharding techniques to enhance the scalability of blockchain systems, existing solutions do not efficiently…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Mohammad Javad Amiri , Divyakant Agrawal , Amr El Abbadi

Sharding is used to improve the scalability and performance of blockchain systems. We investigate the stability of blockchain sharding, where transactions are continuously generated by an adversarial model. The system consists of $n$…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Ramesh Adhikari , Costas Busch , Dariusz R. Kowalski

This paper reviews and highlights how coding schemes have been used to solve various problems in blockchain systems. Specifically, these problems relate to scaling blockchains in terms of their data storage, computation and communication…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Changlin Yang , Kwan-Wu Chin , Jiguang Wang , Xiaodong Wang , Ying Liu , Zibin Zheng

Blockchain technology offers decentralization and security but struggles with scalability, particularly in enterprise settings where efficiency and controlled access are paramount. Sharding is a promising solution for private blockchains,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-09 M. Z. Haider , M. Dias de Assuncao , Kaiwen Zhang

In the high-stakes race to develop more scalable blockchains, some platforms (Binance, Cosmos, EOS, TRON, etc.) have adopted committee-based consensus (CBC) protocols, whereby the blockchain's record-keeping rights are entrusted to a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Alon Benhaim , Brett Hemenway Falk , Gerry Tsoukalas

Blockchain sharding has emerged as a promising solution to the scalability challenges in traditional blockchain systems by partitioning the network into smaller, manageable subsets called shards. Despite its potential, existing sharding…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Ao Liu , Jing Chen , Kun He , Ruiying Du , Jiahua Xu , Cong Wu , Yebo Feng , Teng Li , Jianfeng Ma

Sharding is essential for improving blockchain scalability. Existing protocols overlook diverse adversarial attacks, limiting transaction throughput. This paper presents Reticulum, a groundbreaking sharding protocol addressing this issue,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Yibin Xu , Jingyi Zheng , Boris Düdder , Tijs Slaats , Yongluan Zhou

Although blockchain, the supporting technology of Bitcoin and various cryptocurrencies, has offered a potentially effective framework for numerous applications, it still suffers from the adverse affects of the impossibility triangle.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Canran Wang , Netanel Raviv

Blockchain technology has been gaining great interest from a variety of sectors, including healthcare, supply chain and cryptocurrencies. However, Blockchain suffers from its limited ability to scale (i.e. low throughput and high latency).…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-13 Abdelatif Hafid , Abdelhakim Senhaji Hafid , Adil Senhaji

The design of permissioned blockchains places an access control requirement for members to read, access, and write information over the blockchains. In this paper, we study a hierarchical scenario to include three types of participants:…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Hongyin Chen , Zhaohua Chen , Yukun Cheng , Xiaotie Deng , Wenhan Huang , Jichen Li , Hongyi Ling , Mengqian Zhang

Sharding is a promising blockchain scaling solution. But it currently suffers from high latency and low throughput when it comes to cross-shard transactions, i.e., transactions that require coordination from multiple shards. The root cause…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-01 Sourav Das , Vinith Krishnan , Ling Ren

The development of blockchain applications increased the demand for blockchain performance. Among the attempts of many blockchain scale-out solutions, sharding can improve performance and reduce the storage requirements of each node.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Jia Kan , Jie Zhang , Xin Huang

Blockchain technologies are one possible avenue for increasing the resilience of the Smart Grid, by decentralizing the monitoring and control of system-level objectives such as voltage stability protection. They furthermore offer benefits…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Kimia Honari , Xiaotian Zhou , Sara Rouhani , Scott Dick , Hao Liang , James Miller Li , James Miller

Traceability and integrity are major challenges for the increasingly complex supply chains of today's world. Although blockchain technology has the potential to address these challenges through providing a tamper-proof audit trail of supply…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Sidra Malik , Volkan Dedeoglu , Salil S. Kanhere , Raja Jurdak

Sharding enhances blockchain scalability by dividing the network into shards, each managing specific unspent transaction outputs or accounts. As an introduced new transaction type, cross-shard transactions pose a critical challenge to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Yizhong Liu , Andi Liu , Yuan Lu , Zhuocheng Pan , Yinuo Li , Jianwei Liu , Song Bian , Mauro Conti