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In the study of complex physical and biological systems represented by multivariate stochastic processes, an issue of great relevance is the description of the system dynamics spanning multiple temporal scales. While methods to assess the…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-11-01 Luca Faes , Giandomenico Nollo , Sebastiano Stramaglia , Daniele Marinazzo

Granger causality method analyzes the time series causalities without building a complex causality graph. However, the traditional Granger causality method assumes that the causalities lie between time series channels and remain constant,…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-16 Zhiheng Zhang , Wenbo Hu , Tian Tian , Jun Zhu

Multivariate time series anomaly detection has numerous real-world applications and is being extensively studied. Modeling pairwise correlations between variables is crucial. Existing methods employ learnable graph structures and graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Zehao Liu , Mengzhou Gao , Pengfei Jiao

Complex dynamical systems are prevalent in many scientific disciplines. In the analysis of such systems two aspects are of particular interest: 1) the temporal patterns along which they evolve and 2) the underlying causal mechanisms.…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-31 Nicolas-Domenic Reiter , Andreas Gerhardus , Jakob Runge

Understanding causal relationships in time series is fundamental to many domains, including neuroscience, economics, and behavioral science. Granger causality is one of the well-known techniques for inferring causality in time series.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Chakattrai Sookkongwaree , Tattep Lakmuang , Chainarong Amornbunchornvej

We generalize a previously proposed approach for nonlinear Granger causality of time series, based on radial basis function. The proposed model is not constrained to be additive in variables from the two time series and can approximate any…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-11 Daniele Marinazzo , Mario Pellicoro , Sebastiano Stramaglia

Understanding the causal interaction of time series variables can contribute to time series data analysis for many real-world applications, such as climate forecasting and extreme weather alerts. However, causal relationships are difficult…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Dongqi Fu , Yada Zhu , Hanghang Tong , Kommy Weldemariam , Onkar Bhardwaj , Jingrui He

Granger causality has become an indispensable tool for analyzing causal relationships between time series. In this paper, we provide a detailed overview of its mathematical foundations, trace its historical development, and explore how…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2024-12-30 Lasha Ephremidze

We present a Bayesian approach for modeling multivariate, dependent functional data. To account for the three dominant structural features in the data--functional, time dependent, and multivariate components--we extend hierarchical dynamic…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-07-02 Daniel R. Kowal , David S. Matteson , David Ruppert

Granger causality is widely used for causal structure discovery in complex systems from multivariate time series data. Traditional Granger causality tests based on linear models often fail to detect even mild non-linear causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Ziyi Zhang , Shaogang Ren , Xiaoning Qian , Nick Duffield

Physicists are starting to work in areas where noisy signal analysis is required. In these fields, such as Economics, Neuroscience, and Physics, the notion of causality should be interpreted as a statistical measure. We introduce to the lay…

Counterfactual learning has become promising for understanding and modeling causality in complex and dynamic systems. This paper presents a novel method for counterfactual learning in the context of multivariate time series analysis and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Gianlucca Zuin , Adriano Veloso

That physiological oscillations of various frequencies are present in fMRI signals is the rule, not the exception. Herein, we propose a novel theoretical framework, spatio-temporal Granger causality, which allows us to more reliably and…

Applications · Statistics 2018-03-15 Qiang Luo , Wenlian Lu , Wei Cheng , Pedro A. Valdes-Sosa , Xiaotong Wen , Mingzhou Ding , Jianfeng Feng

Introduced more than a half century ago, Granger causality has become a popular tool for analyzing time series data in many application domains, from economics and finance to genomics and neuroscience. Despite this popularity, the validity…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-10 Ali Shojaie , Emily B. Fox

Functional data describe a wide range of processes, such as growth curves and spectral absorption. In this study, we analyze air pollution data from the In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System, focusing on the spatial interactions…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-14 Rita Fici , Gianluca Sottile , Luigi Augugliaro , Ernst-Jan Camiel Wit

Experiments in many fields of science and engineering yield data in the form of time series. The Fourier and wavelet transform-based nonparametric methods are used widely to study the spectral characteristics of these time series data.…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2009-11-13 Mukeshwar Dhamala , Govindan Rangarajan , Mingzhou Ding

Exploratory analysis of time series data can yield a better understanding of complex dynamical systems. Granger causality is a practical framework for analysing interactions in sequential data, applied in a wide range of domains. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-20 Ričards Marcinkevičs , Julia E. Vogt

Multi-electrode neurophysiological recordings produce massive quantities of data. Multivariate time series analysis provides the basic framework for analyzing the patterns of neural interactions in these data. It has long been recognized…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Mingzhou Ding , Yonghong Chen , Steven L. Bressler

In multivariate time series analysis, understanding the underlying causal relationships among variables is often of interest for various applications. Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) provide a powerful framework for representing causal…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-30 Arkaprava Roy , Anindya Roy , Subhashis Ghosal

Multivariate time series (MTS) forecasting is an essential problem in many fields. Accurate forecasting results can effectively help decision-making. To date, many MTS forecasting methods have been proposed and widely applied. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Ziheng Duan , Haoyan Xu , Yida Huang , Jie Feng , Yueyang Wang