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Herein, we applied statistical physics to study incomes of three (low-, medium- and high-income) society classes instead of the two (low- and medium-income)classes studied so far. In the frame of the threshold nonlinear Langevin dynamics…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2013-01-29 Maciej Jagielski , Ryszard Kutner

Transactions are an important aspect of human social life, and represent dynamic flow of information, intangible values, such as trust, as well as monetary and social capital. Although much research has been conducted on the nature of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Mayank Kejriwal , Yuesheng Luo

In the manuscript, we are interested in using kinetic theory to better understand the time evolution of wealth distribution and their large scale behavior such as the evolution of inequality (e.g. Gini index). We investigate three type of…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-05-18 Fei Cao , Sebastien Motsch

We analyze a conservative market model for the competition among economic agents in a close society. A minimum dynamics ensures that the poorest agent has a chance to improve its economic welfare. After a transient, the system…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 S. Pianegonda , J. R. Iglesias

We present analytical results for the Gini coefficient of economic inequality under the dynamics of a modified Yard-Sale Model of kinetic asset exchange. A variant of the Yard-Sale Model is introduced by modifying the underlying binary…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-11-05 David W. Cohen , Bruce M. Boghosian

Discrimination via algorithmic decision making has received considerable attention. Prior work largely focuses on defining conditions for fairness, but does not define satisfactory measures of algorithmic unfairness. In this paper, we focus…

This paper develops a nonparametric statistical model of wealth distribution that imposes little structure on the fluctuations of household wealth. In this setting, we use new techniques to obtain a closed-form household-by-household…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2016-01-19 Ricardo T. Fernholz

On one hand, a large class of inequality measures, which includes the generalized entropy, the Atkinson, the Gini, etc., for example, has been introduced in Mergane and Lo (2013). On the other hand, the influence function of statistics is…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-07-24 Tchilabalo Abozou Kpanzou , Diam Ba , Pape Djiby Mergane , Gane Samb Lo

The coefficient of variation, which measures the variability of a distribution from its mean, is not uniquely defined in the multidimensional case, and so is the multidimensional Gini index, which measures the inequality of a distribution…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-12-02 Gennaro Auricchio , Paolo Giudici , Giuseppe Toscani

Ambitious scenarios of carbon emission redistribution for mitigating climate change in line with the Paris Agreement and reaching the sustainable development goal of eradicating poverty have been proposed recently. They imply a strong…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-03-24 Gregor Semieniuk , Victor M. Yakovenko

Measuring distances in a multidimensional setting is a challenging problem, which appears in many fields of science and engineering. In this paper, to measure the distance between two multivariate distributions, we introduce a new measure…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-05 Gennaro Auricchio , Giovanni Brigati , Paolo Giudici , Giuseppe Toscani

We investigate the Brazilian personal income distribution using data from National Household Sample Survey (PNAD), an annual research available by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). It provides general…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2017-09-20 Igor D. S. Siciliani , Marcelo H. R. Tragtenberg

Empirical analyses on income and wealth inequality and those in other fields in economics and finance often face the difficulty that the data is heterogeneous, heavy-tailed or correlated in some unknown fashion. The paper focuses on…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-11-23 Rustam Ibragimov , Paul Kattuman , Anton Skrobotov

The financial and economic crisis recently experienced by many European countries has increased demand for timely, coherent and consistent distributional information for the household sector. In the Euro area, most of the NCBs collect such…

General Economics · Economics 2021-01-27 Michele Cantarella , Andrea Neri , Maria Giovanna Ranalli

The UN states that inequalities are determined along with income by other factors - gender, age, origin, ethnicity, disability, sexual orientation, class, and religion. India, since the ancient period, has socio-political stratification…

General Economics · Economics 2021-10-14 Pallavi Gupta , Satyanarayan Kothe

Currently, the high-precision estimation of nonlinear parameters such as Gini indices, low-income proportions or other measures of inequality is particularly crucial. In the present paper, we propose a general class of estimators for such…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-07-01 Camelia Goga , Anne Ruiz-Gazen

Inequality measures provide a valuable tool for the analysis, comparison, and optimization based on system models. This work studies the relation between attributes or features of an individual to understand how redundant, unique, and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Tobias Mages , Christian Rohner

We study here relations between three inequality indices, namely the Gini ($g$), Pietra ($p$) and Kolkata ($k$) introduced in 1912, 1915 and 2014 respectively and all are derived from the Lorenz function $L(x)$ introduced in 1905. The…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-03-17 Asim Ghosh , Bikas K. Chakrabarti

We present a model in which we investigate the structure and evolution of a random network that connects agents capable of exchanging wealth. Economic interactions between neighbors can occur only if the difference between their wealth is…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-06-19 A. Agreda , K. Tucci

We study the mathematical and economic structure of the Kolkata (k) index of income inequality. We show that the k-index always exists and is a unique fixed point of the complementary Lorenz function, where the Lorenz function itself gives…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-10-27 Suchismita Banerjee , Bikas K. Chakrabarti , Manipushpak Mitra , Suresh Mutuswami