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Design time uncertainty poses an important challenge when developing a self-adaptive system. As an example, defining how the system should adapt when facing a new environment state, requires understanding the precise effect of an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Felix Feit , Andreas Metzger , Klaus Pohl

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been shown to outperform traditional machine learning algorithms in a broad variety of application domains due to their effectiveness in modeling complex problems and handling high-dimensional datasets. Many…

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has recently spread into a range of domains within physics and engineering, with multiple remarkable achievements. Still, much remains to be explored before the capabilities of these methods are well…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Jonathan Viquerat , Jean Rabault , Alexander Kuhnle , Hassan Ghraieb , Aurélien Larcher , Elie Hachem

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has achieved significant breakthroughs in various tasks. However, most DRL algorithms suffer a problem of generalizing the learned policy which makes the learning performance largely affected even by minor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Zhengyao Jiang , Shan Luo

The use of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) schemes has increased dramatically since their first introduction in 2015. Though uses in many different applications are being found, they still have a problem with the lack of interpretability.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Thomas Hickling , Abdelhafid Zenati , Nabil Aouf , Phillippa Spencer

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) provides a promising way for intelligent agents (e.g., autonomous vehicles) to learn to navigate complex scenarios. However, DRL with neural networks as function approximators is typically considered a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Jiachen Li , David Isele , Kanghoon Lee , Jinkyoo Park , Kikuo Fujimura , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Deep reinforcement learning has proven remarkably useful in training agents from unstructured data. However, the opacity of the produced agents makes it difficult to ensure that they adhere to various requirements posed by human engineers.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-10 Raz Yerushalmi , Guy Amir , Achiya Elyasaf , David Harel , Guy Katz , Assaf Marron

Crafting effective reward signals remains a central challenge in Reinforcement Learning (RL), especially for complex reasoning tasks. Existing automated reward optimization methods typically rely on derivative-free search heuristics that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Sitao Cheng , Tianle Li , Xuhan Huang , Xunjian Yin , Difan Zou

Deep learning models are favored in many research and industry areas and have reached the accuracy of approximating or even surpassing human level. However they've long been considered by researchers as black-box models for their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Xiaojian Wang , Jingyuan Wang , Ke Tang

This paper reviews recent studies in understanding neural-network representations and learning neural networks with interpretable/disentangled middle-layer representations. Although deep neural networks have exhibited superior performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-02-08 Quanshi Zhang , Song-Chun Zhu

Model-Free Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms either learn how to map states to expected rewards or search for policies that can maximize a certain performance function. Model-Based algorithms instead, aim to learn an approximation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Juan Cardenas-Cartagena , Massimiliano Falzari , Marco Zullich , Matthia Sabatelli

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are known as black-box models. In other words, it is difficult to interpret the internal state of the model. Improving the interpretability of DNNs is one of the hot research topics. However, at present, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Masanari Kimura , Masayuki Tanaka

The deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved great success in learning complex patterns with strong predictive power, but they are often thought of as "black box" models without a sufficient level of transparency and interpretability. It…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Agus Sudjianto , William Knauth , Rahul Singh , Zebin Yang , Aijun Zhang

Artificial intelligence, particularly through recent advancements in deep learning, has achieved exceptional performances in many tasks in fields such as natural language processing and computer vision. In addition to desirable evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Sean Xie , Soroush Vosoughi , Saeed Hassanpour

We tackle the blackbox issue of deep neural networks in the settings of reinforcement learning (RL) where neural agents learn towards maximizing reward gains in an uncontrollable way. Such learning approach is risky when the interacting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-13 John Yang , Gyujeong Lee , Minsung Hyun , Simyung Chang , Nojun Kwak

Autonomous agents optimize the reward function we give them. What they don't know is how hard it is for us to design a reward function that actually captures what we want. When designing the reward, we might think of some specific training…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Dylan Hadfield-Menell , Smitha Milli , Pieter Abbeel , Stuart Russell , Anca Dragan

Performance optimization is a critical concern in networking, on which Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has achieved great success. Nonetheless, DRL training relies on precisely defined reward functions, which formulate the optimization…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Yinqiu Liu , Ruichen Zhang , Hongyang Du , Dusit Niyato , Jiawen Kang , Zehui Xiong , Dong In Kim

A large set of the explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) literature is emerging on feature relevance techniques to explain a deep neural network (DNN) output or explaining models that ingest image source data. However, assessing how XAI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Alexandre Heuillet , Fabien Couthouis , Natalia Díaz-Rodríguez

Deep neural networks (DNNs) based methods have achieved great success in single image super-resolution (SISR). However, existing state-of-the-art SISR techniques are designed like black boxes lacking transparency and interpretability.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Qian Ning , Weisheng Dong , Guangming Shi , Leida Li , Xin Li

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) brings the power of deep neural networks to bear on the generic task of trial-and-error learning, and its effectiveness has been convincingly demonstrated on tasks such as Atari video games and the game of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-10-04 Marta Garnelo , Kai Arulkumaran , Murray Shanahan