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This letter investigates the optimal antenna spacing for a near-field XL-MIMO communication system from the perspective of the array gain. Specifically, using the Green's function-based channel model, the letter analyzes the channel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-14 Xianzhe Chen , Hong Ren , Cunhua Pan , Zhangjie Peng , Jiangzhou Wang

Performance analysis is carried out in a near-field multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system for both discrete and continuous aperture antennas. The effective degrees of freedom (EDoF) is first derived. It is shown that near-field MIMO…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Ziyi Xie , Yuanwei Liu , Jiaqi Xu , Xuanli Wu , Arumugam Nallanathan

Massive connectivity for extra large-scale multi-input multi-output (XL-MIMO) systems is a challenging issue due to the near-field access channels and the prohibitive cost. In this paper, we propose an uplink grant-free massive access…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Yikun Mei , Zhen Gao , De Mi , Mingyu Zhou , Dezhi Zheng , Michail Matthaiou , Pei Xiao , Robert Schober

One of the most important technologies in the fifth generation (5G) and the sixth generation (6G) is massive multiple input multiple outputs (MIMO) or extremely large-scale MIMO (XL-MIMO). With the evolving high-frequency technologies in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Xiangyu Cui , Ki-Hong Park , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

We consider a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) downlink system, where an XL-MIMO array serves two groups of single-antennas users, namely near-field users…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xiaomin Cao , Mohammadali Mohammadi , Hien Quoc Ngo , Hyundong Shin , Michail Matthaiou

Cache-aided MIMO communications aims to jointly exploit both coded caching~(CC) and spatial multiplexing gains to enhance communication efficiency. In this paper, we analyze both the achievable degrees of freedom~(DoF) under linear…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Mohammad NaseriTehrani , MohammadJavad Salehi , Antti Tölli

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multipleoutput (XL-MIMO) is believed to be a cornerstone of sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. XL-MIMO uses more antennas to both achieve unprecedented spatial degrees of freedom (DoFs) and exploit…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-16 Hao Lei , Jiayi Zhang , Zhe Wang , Huahua Xiao , Bo Ai , Emil Björnson

With the increase of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) array size and carrier frequency, near-field MIMO communications will become crucial in 6G wireless networks. Due to the increase of MIMO near-field range, the research of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-23 Haiyang Miao , Jianhua Zhang , Pan Tang , Heng Wang , Lei Tian , Guangyi Liu

Extremely large-scale multiple-input-multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is a promising technique to achieve ultra-high spectral efficiency for future 6G communications. The mixed line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) XL-MIMO near-field…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-18 Ming Ye , Xiao Liang , Cunhua Pan , Yinfei Xu , Ming Jiang , Chunguo Li

This paper explores the potential of affine frequency division multiplexing (AFDM) to mitigate the multiuser interference (MUI) problem by employing time-domain precoding in extremely-large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Jun Zhu , Yin Xu , Dazhi He , Haoyang Li , Yunfeng Guan , Wenjun Zhang , Tianyao Ma , Haozhi Yuan

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems achieve high sum spectral efficiency by offering an order of magnitude increase in multiplexing gains. In time division duplexing systems, however, the reuse of uplink training pilots…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-10-14 Ahmed Alkhateeb , Geert Leus , Robert W. Heath

A novel precoding method based on supervised deep neural networks is introduced for the multiple-input multiple-output Gaussian wiretap channel. The proposed deep learning (DL)-based precoding learns the input covariance matrix through…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-09-18 Xinliang Zhang , Mojtaba Vaezi

Accurate beam alignment is a critical challenge in XL-MIMO systems, especially in the near-field regime, where conventional far-field assumptions no longer hold. Although 2D grid-based codebooks in the polar domain are widely accepted for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-27 Hongjun Heo , Wan Choi

In practical massive MIMO systems, a substantial portion of system resources are consumed to acquire channel state information (CSI), leading to a drastically lower system capacity compared with the ideal case where perfect CSI is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-08-31 Jianwen Zhang , Xiaojun Yuan , Ying Jun , Zhang

In 6G systems, extremely large-scale antenna arrays operating at terahertz frequencies extend the near-field region to typical user distances from the base station, enabling near-field communication (NFC) with fine spatial resolution…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Akash Kulkarni , Rajshekhar V Bhat

Large-scale MIMO systems can yield a substantial improvement in spectral efficiency for future communication systems. Due to the finer spatial resolution achieved by a huge number of antennas at the base stations, these systems have shown…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-10-15 Abla Kammoun , Axel Müller , Emil Björnson , Mérouane Debbah

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is a promising technology for the sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication networks. By significantly boosting the antenna number or size to at least an order of magnitude…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Haiquan Lu , Yong Zeng , Changsheng You , Yu Han , Jiayi Zhang , Zhe Wang , Zhenjun Dong , Shi Jin , Cheng-Xiang Wang , Tao Jiang , Xiaohu You , Rui Zhang

This paper presents an analytical characterization of the ergodic capacity of amplify-and-forward (AF) MIMO dual-hop relay channels, assuming that the channel state information is available at the destination terminal only. In contrast to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Shi Jin , Matthew R. McKay , Caijun Zhong , Kai-Kit Wong

Future sixth-generation (6G) systems are expected to leverage extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) technology, which significantly expands the range of the near-field region. While accurate channel estimation is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Shicong Liu , Xianghao Yu , Zhen Gao , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng

Massive multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) has been the mainstream technology in fifth-generation wireless systems. To reduce high hardware costs and power consumption in massive MU-MIMO, low-resolution digital-to-analog…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Hengtao He , Mengjiao Zhang , Shi Jin , Chao-Kai Wen , Geoffrey Ye Li