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We present surface normal estimation using a single near infrared (NIR) image. We are focusing on fine-scale surface geometry captured with an uncalibrated light source. To tackle this ill-posed problem, we adopt a generative adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-03-25 Youngjin Yoon , Gyeongmin Choe , Namil Kim , Joon-Young Lee , In So Kweon

The properties of semiconductors and functional dielectrics are defined by their response in electric fields, which may be perturbed by defects and the strain they generate. In this work, we demonstrate how diffraction-based X-ray…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-11-12 Trygve Magnus Ræder , Urko Petralanda , Thomas Olsen , Hugh Simons

This paper presents the analysis of a statistically complete sample of 28 serendipitous X-ray sources selected in 82 pointed XMM-Newton fields down to a count-rate of 0.002 counts s^-1(4.5-7.5 keV energy band). This is the first sample…

Based on spectral simulations, I show how focusing of the X-ray radiations above 10 keV will open a new window for the study of microquasars. With simulations of soft and hard state spectra of Galactic sources, I discuss how SIMBOL-X can…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-09-07 Jerome Rodriguez

X-ray imaging is indispensable in medical diagnostics, yet its use is tightly regulated due to potential health risks. To mitigate radiation exposure, recent research focuses on generating novel views from sparse inputs and reconstructing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Feiran Wang , Jiachen Tao , Junyi Wu , Haoxuan Wang , Bin Duan , Kai Wang , Zongxin Yang , Yan Yan

We present a new technique called "quantile analysis" to classify spectral properties of X-ray sources with limited statistics. The quantile analysis is superior to the conventional approaches such as X-ray hardness ratio or X-ray color…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Jaesub Hong , Eric M. Schlegel , Jonathan E. Grindlay

We present a computational imaging technique for imaging thin films at grazing-incidence (GI) angles by incorporating structured illumination into existing GI X-ray scattering setups. This method involves scanning a micro-coded aperture…

Investigating the structure of matter at the nanoscale non destructively is a key capability enabled by X-ray imaging. One of the most powerful nano-imaging methods is X-ray ptychography, a coherent diffraction imaging technique that has…

Narrow spectral features in the 5--6 keV range were recently discovered in the X-ray spectra of a few active galactic nuclei. We discuss the possibility that these features are due to localized spots which occur on the surface of an…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Dovciak , S. Bianchi , M. Guainazzi , V. Karas , G. Matt

Wide-field images made by radio interferometers are invariably affected by direction-dependent systematic effects such as the ionosphere or the beam pattern. Calibration along a set of discrete directions in the sky is the default technique…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-06 Sebastiaan van der Tol , Sarod Yatawatta , Bram Veenboer , David Rafferty

I propose a spatial-mode demultiplexing (SPADE) measurement scheme for the far-field imaging of spatially incoherent optical sources. For any object too small to be resolved by direct imaging under the diffraction limit, I show that SPADE…

Optics · Physics 2017-03-01 Mankei Tsang

X-ray is a ubiquitous imaging modality in clinical diagnostics and industrial inspections, thanks to its high penetration power. Conventional x-ray imaging system, equipped with energy-integrating detectors, collects approximately 1000 to…

Medical Physics · Physics 2020-08-24 Zheyuan Zhu , Shuo Pang

In this paper we present the two-point angular correlation function of the X-ray source population of 1063 XMM-Newton observations at high Galactic latitudes, comprising up to ~30000 sources over a sky area of 125.5 sq. deg, in three energy…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 J. Ebrero , S. Mateos , G. C. Stewart , F. J. Carrera , M. G. Watson

An accurate determination of specimen thickness is essential for quantitative analytical electron microscopy. Here we demonstrate that a position-averaged incoherent bright-field signal recorded on an absolute scale can be used to determine…

Materials Science · Physics 2012-09-11 Huolin L. Xin , Ye Zhu , David A. Muller

Challenging to capture, and challenging to display on a cellphone screen, the panorama paradoxically remains both a staple and underused feature of modern mobile camera applications. In this work we address both of these challenges with a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Ilya Chugunov , Amogh Joshi , Kiran Murthy , Francois Bleibel , Felix Heide

Imaging of nanoscale magnetic textures within extended material systems is of critical importance both to fundamental research and technological applications. Whilst high resolution magnetic imaging of thin nanoscale samples is…

Imperfections in X-ray imaging systems can limit their performance, especially in High Energy Density (HED) or Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE)-relevant experiments that are typically single shot, by introducing structured, non-stationary…

Theoretical treatments of strong-field physics have long relied on the numerical solution of the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation. The most effective such treatments utilize a discrete spatial representation---a grid. Since most…

Computational Physics · Physics 2018-05-09 Youliang Yu , B. D. Esry

The lateral resolution of an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy instrument, which is equipped with a focused X-ray beam, is limited by the nominal X-ray beam diameter and the long tail intensity distri-bution of the X-ray beam. The long tail…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-12-21 Uwe Scheithauer

The coded aperture imaging technique is a useful method of X-ray imaging in observational astrophysics. However, the presence of imaging noise or so-called artifacts in a decoded image is a drawback of this method. We propose a new coded…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-03 Tomoaki Kasuga , Hirokazu Odaka , Kosuke Hatauchi , Satoshi Takashima , Tsubasa Tamba , Yuki Aizawa , Soichiro Hashiba , Aya Bamba , Yuanhui Zhou , Toru Tamagawa