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Experimentation is widely utilized for causal inference and data-driven decision-making across disciplines. In an A/B experiment, for example, an online business randomizes two different treatments (e.g., website designs) to their customers…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-15 Wenxuan Guo , JungHo Lee , Panos Toulis

Experiments on online marketplaces and social networks suffer from interference, where the outcome of a unit is impacted by the treatment status of other units. We propose a framework for modeling interference using a ubiquitous deployment…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-21 Ariel Boyarsky , Hongseok Namkoong , Jean Pouget-Abadie

Time-series experiments, also called switchback experiments or N-of-1 trials, play increasingly important roles in modern applications in medical and industrial areas. Under the potential outcomes framework, recent research has studied…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-28 Zhexiao Lin , Peng Ding

Randomization tests have gained popularity for causal inference under network interference because they are finite-sample valid with minimal assumptions. However, existing procedures are limited as they primarily focus on the existence of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-28 Shunzhuang Huang , Xinran Li , Panos Toulis

This paper studies regression discontinuity designs (RDD) when linear-in-means spillovers occur between units that are close in their running variable. We show that the RDD estimand depends on the ratio of two terms: (1) the radius over…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-09-16 Eric Auerbach , Yong Cai , Ahnaf Rafi

We propose a novel regression adjustment method designed for estimating distributional treatment effect parameters in randomized experiments. Randomized experiments have been extensively used to estimate treatment effects in various…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-07-24 Undral Byambadalai , Tatsushi Oka , Shota Yasui

We consider a potential outcomes model in which interference may be present between any two units but the extent of interference diminishes with spatial distance. The causal estimand is the global average treatment effect, which compares…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-16 Michael P. Leung

We systematically investigate issues due to mis-specification that arise in estimating causal effects when (treatment) interference is informed by a network available pre-intervention, i.e., in situations where the outcome of a unit may…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-10-22 Vishesh Karwa , Edoardo M. Airoldi

We consider experiments in dynamical systems where interventions on some experimental units impact other units through a limiting constraint (such as a limited inventory). Despite outsize practical importance, the best estimators for this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Vivek F. Farias , Andrew A. Li , Tianyi Peng , Andrew Zheng

Although there is now a large literature on policy evaluation and learning, much of the prior work assumes that the treatment assignment of one unit does not affect the outcome of another unit. Unfortunately, ignoring interference can lead…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-02 Yi Zhang , Kosuke Imai

Applied work under interference typically models outcomes as functions of own treatment and a low-dimensional exposure mapping of others' treatments, even when that mapping may be misspecified. We ask what policy object such exposure-based…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-03-27 Yechan Park , Xiaodong Yang

Hierarchical random effect models are used for different purposes in clinical research and other areas. In general, the main focus is on population parameters related to the expected treatment effects or group differences among all units of…

Applications · Statistics 2021-04-07 Maryna Prus , Norbert Benda , Rainer Schwabe

Classical approaches to experimental design assume that intervening on one unit does not affect other units. There are many important settings, however, where this non-interference assumption does not hold, as when running experiments on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-01 Stefan Wager , Kuang Xu

Switchback experiments--alternating treatment and control over time--are widely used when unit-level randomization is infeasible, outcomes are aggregated, or user interference is unavoidable. In practice, experimentation must support fast…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-27 Jizhou Liu , Liang Zhong

Randomized experiments on a network often involve interference between connected units; i.e., a situation in which an individual's treatment can affect the response of another individual. Current approaches to deal with interference, in…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-05-17 Guillaume Basse , Edoardo Airoldi

Current approaches to A/B testing in networks focus on limiting interference, the concern that treatment effects can "spill over" from treatment nodes to control nodes and lead to biased causal effect estimation. Prominent methods for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Zahra Fatemi , Elena Zheleva

Randomized experiments are widely used to estimate the causal effects of a proposed treatment in many areas of science, from medicine and healthcare to the physical and biological sciences, from the social sciences to engineering, to public…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-30 Christina Lee Yu , Edoardo M Airoldi , Christian Borgs , Jennifer T Chayes

In the setting of multi-armed trials, adaptive designs are a popular way to increase estimation efficiency, identify optimal treatments, or maximize rewards to individuals. Recent work has considered the case of estimating the effects of K…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-10 Evan T. R. Rosenman , Kristen B. Hunter

Switchback experiments, where a firm sequentially exposes an experimental unit to random treatments, are among the most prevalent designs used in the technology sector, with applications ranging from ride-hailing platforms to online…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-18 Iavor Bojinov , David Simchi-Levi , Jinglong Zhao

A growing number of researchers are conducting randomized experiments to analyze causal relationships in network settings where units influence one another. A dominant methodology for analyzing these experiments is design-based, leveraging…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-30 Ambarish Chattopadhyay , Kosuke Imai , Jose R. Zubizarreta