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The violation of a Bell inequality is an experimental observation that forces one to abandon a local realistic worldview, namely, one in which physical properties are (probabilistically) defined prior to and independent of measurement and…

Using a semiclassical model of photodetection with Poissonian noise and insights from quantum metrology, we prove that linear optics and photon counting can optimally estimate the separation between two incoherent point sources without…

A kernel based procedure for correcting experimental data for distortions due to the finite resolution and limited detector acceptance is presented. The unfolding problem is known to be an ill-posed problem that can not be solved without…

A commonly used measure to summarize the nature of a photon spectrum is the so-called Hardness Ratio, which compares the number of counts observed in different passbands. The hardness ratio is especially useful to distinguish between and…

Superresolution refers to the estimation of parameters of an image with an accuracy beyond standard classical techniques such as direct detection. In seminal work by Lu et al., a measurement to estimate the separation distance of two point…

We show that the errors due to atmospheric refraction are present in the magnitudes determined with the Difference Images Analysis method. In case of single, unblended stars the size of the effect agrees with the theoretical prediction. But…

In single-particle or intraparticle entanglement, two degrees of freedom of a single particle, e.g., momentum and polarization of a single photon, are entangled. Single-particle entanglement (SPE) provides a source of non classical…

The large number of microlensing events discovered towards the Galactic Bulge bears the promise to reconstruct the stellar mass function. The more interesting issue concerning the mass function is certainly to probe its low mass end.…

Stacking analysis is a means of detecting faint sources using a priori position information to estimate an aggregate signal from individually undetected objects. Confusion severely limits the effectiveness of stacking in deep surveys with…

Previous calculations of the rates and optical depths due to microlensing only considered resolved stars. However, if a faint unresolved star lens is close enough to a resolved star, the event will be seen by the microlensing experiments…

Gaia can not individually resolve very close binary systems, however, the collected data can still be used to identify them. A powerful indicator of stellar multiplicity is the sources reported Renormalized Unit Weight Error (ruwe), which…

Motivated by very recent experiments, we consider a scenario "\`a la Bell" in which two protagonists test the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality using a photon-pair source based on spontaneous parametric down conversion and…

Photometric redshifts are necessary for enabling large-scale multicolour galaxy surveys to interpret their data and constrain cosmological parameters. While the increased depth of future surveys such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope…

The problem of closing the detection loophole with asymmetric systems, such as entangled atom-photon pairs, is addressed. We show that, for the Bell inequality I_3322, a minimal detection efficiency of 43% can be tolerated for one of the…

The curse of dimensionality has been studied in different aspects. However, breaking the curse has been elusive. We show for the first time that it is possible to break the curse using the recently introduced Isolation Kernel. We show that…

The use of strongly bent crystals in spectrometers for pulses of a hard x-ray free-electron laser is explored theoretically. Diffraction is calculated in both dynamical and kinematical theories. It is shown that diffraction can be treated…

A 'Winner's Curse' arises in large-scale online experimentation platforms when the same experiments are used to both select treatments and evaluate their effects. In these settings, classical difference-in-means estimators of treatment…

Gamma ray bursts are excellent candidates to constrain physical models which break Lorentz symmetry. We consider deformed dispersion relations which break the boost invariance and lead to an energy-dependent speed of light. In these models,…

We study an inverse scattering problem in which the far-field spectral cross-correlation functions of scattered fields are used to determine the unknown dielectric susceptibility of the scattering object. One-photon states for the incident…

A probabilistic technique for the joint estimation of background and sources with the aim of detecting faint and extended celestial objects is described. Bayesian probability theory is applied to gain insight into the coexistence of…