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Pre-trained and fine-tuned transformer models like BERT and T5 have improved the state of the art in ad-hoc retrieval and question-answering, but not as yet in high-recall information retrieval, where the objective is to retrieve…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Nima Sadri , Gordon V. Cormack

As computing systems become increasingly advanced and as users increasingly engage themselves in technology, security has never been a greater concern. In malware detection, static analysis, the method of analyzing potentially malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Chan Woo Kim

Active learning for classification seeks to reduce the cost of labeling samples by finding unlabeled examples about which the current model is least certain and sending them to an annotator/expert to label. Bayesian theory can provide a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Ahmed Bensaoud , Jugal Kalita

Increasingly, malwares are becoming complex and they are spreading on networks targeting different infrastructures and personal-end devices to collect, modify, and destroy victim information. Malware behaviors are polymorphic, metamorphic,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Lionel Nganyewou Tidjon , Foutse Khomh

Transformer-based malware detection systems operating on graph modalities such as control flow graphs (CFGs) achieve strong performance by modeling structural relationships in program behavior. However, their robustness to adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Andrew Wheeler , Kshitiz Aryal , Maanak Gupta

Machine learning is a popular approach to signatureless malware detection because it can generalize to never-before-seen malware families and polymorphic strains. This has resulted in its practical use for either primary detection engines…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Hyrum S. Anderson , Anant Kharkar , Bobby Filar , David Evans , Phil Roth

Machine learning-based malware detectors are widely deployed in antivirus and endpoint detection systems, yet their reliance on static features makes them vulnerable to adversarial manipulation. This paper investigates whether a malware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Juozas Dautartas , Olga Kurasova , Juozapas Rokas Čypas , Viktor Medvedev

This study investigates the effectiveness of several machine learning algorithms for static malware detection using the EMBER dataset, which contains feature representations of Portable Executable (PE) files. We evaluate eight…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Md Min-Ha-Zul Abedin , Tazqia Mehrub

As the number and complexity of malware attacks continue to increase, there is an urgent need for effective malware detection systems. While deep learning models are effective at detecting malware, they are vulnerable to adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Mahesh Datta Sai Ponnuru , Likhitha Amasala , Tanu Sree Bhimavarapu , Guna Chaitanya Garikipati

Ransomware has emerged as one of the major global threats in recent days. The alarming increasing rate of ransomware attacks and new ransomware variants intrigue the researchers in this domain to constantly examine the distinguishing traits…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-12 Rawshan Ara Mowri , Madhuri Siddula , Kaushik Roy

The escalating frequency and scale of recent malware attacks underscore the urgent need for swift and precise malware classification in the ever-evolving cybersecurity landscape. Key challenges include accurately categorizing closely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Shrey Bavishi , Shrey Modi

The development of the DRL model for malware attribution involved extensive research, iterative coding, and numerous adjustments based on the insights gathered from predecessor models and contemporary research papers. This preparatory work…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Animesh Singh Basnet , Mohamed Chahine Ghanem , Dipo Dunsin , Wiktor Sowinski-Mydlarz

The effectiveness of an AI model in accurately classifying novel malware hinges on the quality of the features it is trained on, which in turn depends on the effectiveness of the analysis tool used. Peekaboo, a Dynamic Binary…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Matthew Gaber , Mohiuddin Ahmed , Helge Janicke

Industry practitioners care about small improvements in malware detection accuracy because their models are deployed to hundreds of millions of machines, meaning a 0.1\% change can cause an overwhelming number of false positives. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Tirth Patel , Fred Lu , Edward Raff , Charles Nicholas , Cynthia Matuszek , James Holt

Machine learning (ML) underpins foundation models in finance, healthcare, and critical infrastructure, making them targets for data poisoning, model extraction, prompt injection, automated jailbreaking, and preference-guided black-box…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Armstrong Foundjem , Lionel Nganyewou Tidjon , Leuson Da Silva , Foutse Khomh

In the case of malware analysis, categorization of malicious files is an essential part after malware detection. Numerous static and dynamic techniques have been reported so far for categorizing malware. This research presents a deep…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Muhammad Furqan Rafique , Muhammad Ali , Aqsa Saeed Qureshi , Asifullah Khan , Anwar Majid Mirza

Cybercrime is one of the major digital threats of this century. In particular, ransomware attacks have significantly increased, resulting in global damage costs of tens of billion dollars. In this paper, we train and test different Machine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Benjamin Marais , Tony Quertier , Stéphane Morucci

Recent growth and proliferation of malware have tested practitioners ability to promptly classify new samples according to malware families. In contrast to labor-intensive reverse engineering efforts, machine learning approaches have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Jiliang Li , Yifan Zhang , Yu Huang , Kevin Leach

Numerous metamorphic and polymorphic malicious variants are generated automatically on a daily basis by mutation engines that transform the code of a malicious program while retaining its functionality, in order to evade signature-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Ron Korine , Danny Hendler

Accurately classifying malware in an environment allows the creation of better response and remediation strategies by cyber analysts. However, classifying malware in a live environment is a difficult task due to the large number of system…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Phillip Brown , Austin Brown , Maanak Gupta , Mahmoud Abdelsalam