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Many modern workloads such as neural network inference and graph processing are fundamentally memory-bound. For such workloads, data movement between memory and CPU cores imposes a significant overhead in terms of both latency and energy. A…

Modern computing systems are embracing hybrid memory comprising of DRAM and non-volatile memory (NVM) to combine the best properties of both memory technologies, achieving low latency, high reliability, and high density. A prominent…

The emergence of Phase-Change Memory (PCM) provides opportunities for directly connecting persistent memory to main memory bus. While PCM achieves high read throughput and low standby power, the critical concerns are its poor write…

Poor DRAM technology scaling over the course of many years has caused DRAM-based main memory to increasingly become a larger system bottleneck. A major reason for the bottleneck is that data stored within DRAM must be moved across a…

Persistent Memory (PM) is non-volatile byte-addressable memory that offers read and write latencies in the order of magnitude smaller than flash storage, such as SSDs. This survey discusses how file systems address the most prominent…

Tiered memory systems consisting of fast small memory and slow large memory have emerged to provide high capacity memory in a cost-effective way. The effectiveness of tiered memory systems relies on how many memory accesses can be absorbed…

Byte-addressable persistent memories (PM) has finally made their way into production. An important and pressing problem that follows is how to deploy them in existing datacenters. One viable approach is to attach PM as self-contained…

For the last thirty years, a large variety of memory allocators have been proposed. Since performance, memory usage and energy consumption of each memory allocator differs, software engineers often face difficult choices in selecting the…

Due to amount of data involved in emerging deep learning and big data applications, operations related to data movement have quickly become the bottleneck. Data-centric computing (DCC), as enabled by processing-in-memory (PIM) and…

Intel Optane DC Persistent Memory (Optane PMM) is a new kind of byte-addressable memory with higher density and lower cost than DRAM. This enables the design of affordable systems that support up to 6TB of randomly accessible memory. In…

Modern distributed file systems rely on uncoordinated, per node page caches that replicate hot data locally across the cluster. While ensuring fast local access, this architecture underutilizes aggregate cluster DRAM capacity through…

Modern Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications are increasingly utilizing multi-tenant deep neural networks (DNNs), which lead to a significant rise in computing complexity and the need for computing parallelism. ReRAM-based…

Non-Volatile Main Memories (NVMMs) have recently emerged as promising technologies for future memory systems. Generally, NVMMs have many desirable properties such as high density, byte-addressability, non-volatility, low cost, and energy…

Memory tiering provides a cost-effective solution to increase memory capacity, utilization, and even bandwidth. Memory tiering relies on system software for memory profiling, detection of frequently accessed pages, and page migration. Such…

Privacy-preserving computation techniques like homomorphic encryption (HE) and secure multi-party computation (SMPC) enhance data security by enabling processing on encrypted data. However, the significant computational and CPU-DRAM data…

The Intel Optane DC Persistent Memory (DCPM) is an attractive novel technology for building storage systems for data intensive HPC applications, as it provides lower cost per byte, low standby power and larger capacities than DRAM, with…

In the landscape of High-Performance Computing (HPC), the quest for efficient and scalable memory solutions remains paramount. The advent of Compute Express Link (CXL) introduces a promising avenue with its potential to function as a…

Persistent Memory (PMEM), also known as Non-Volatile Memory (NVM), can deliver higher density and lower cost per bit when compared with DRAM. Its main drawback is that it is typically slower than DRAM. On the other hand, DRAM has…

After nearly a decade of anticipation, scalable nonvolatile memory DIMMs are finally commercially available with the release of Intel's 3D XPoint DIMM. This new nonvolatile DIMM supports byte-granularity accesses with access times on the…

Multi-tiered large memory systems call for rethinking of memory profiling and migration because of the unique problems unseen in the traditional memory systems with smaller capacity and fewer tiers. We develop MTM, an…