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Feature importance scores are ubiquitous tools for understanding the predictions of machine learning models. However, many popular attribution methods suffer from high instability due to random sampling. Leveraging novel ideas from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-08 Jeremy Goldwasser , Giles Hooker

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has made the detection of AI-Generated text a pressing and complex challenge. Although many detection systems report high benchmark accuracy, their reliability in real-world settings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Shushanta Pudasaini , Luis Miralles-Pechuán , David Lillis , Marisa Llorens Salvador

This paper addresses the critical challenge of deriving interpretable confidence scores from generative language models (LLMs) when applied to multi-label content safety classification. While models like LLaMA Guard are effective for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Anjaneya Praharaj , Jaykumar Kasundra

Recent studies have used both automatic metrics and human evaluations to assess the simplification abilities of LLMs. However, the suitability of existing evaluation methodologies for LLMs remains in question. First, the suitability of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Xuanxin Wu , Yuki Arase

Various text analysis techniques exist, which attempt to uncover unstructured information from text. In this work, we explore using statistical dependence measures for textual classification, representing text as word vectors. Student…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-01 Samuel Cunningham-Nelson , Mahsa Baktashmotlagh , Wageeh Boles

The increasing difficulty to distinguish language-model-generated from human-written text has led to the development of detectors of machine-generated text (MGT). However, in many contexts, a black-box prediction is not sufficient, it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Loris Schoenegger , Yuxi Xia , Benjamin Roth

Social Networking Sites (SNS) are one of the most important ways of communication. In particular, microblogging sites are being used as analysis avenues due to their peculiarities (promptness, short texts...). There are countless researches…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Manuel Francisco , Juan Luis Castro

Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance across many natural language processing tasks, yet their decision processes remain difficult to interpret. This lack of transparency creates challenges for trust, debugging, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Venkata Abhinandan Kancharla

Unsupervised Machine Learning techniques have been applied to Natural Language Processing tasks and surpasses the benchmarks such as GLUE with great success. Building language models approach achieves good results in one language and it can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Amir Jafari

As machine learning and algorithmic decision making systems are increasingly being leveraged in high-stakes human-in-the-loop settings, there is a pressing need to understand the rationale of their predictions. Researchers have responded to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Jonathan Dinu , Jeffrey Bigham , J. Zico Kolter

In recent years, there has been an exponential growth in the number of complex documents and texts that require a deeper understanding of machine learning methods to be able to accurately classify texts in many applications. Many machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Kamran Kowsari , Kiana Jafari Meimandi , Mojtaba Heidarysafa , Sanjana Mendu , Laura E. Barnes , Donald E. Brown

Semantic text classification requires the understanding of the contextual significance of specific tokens rather than surface-level patterns or keywords (as in rule-based or statistical text classification), making large language models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Adit Krishnan , Chu Wang , Chris Kong

Tokenization significantly influences language models(LMs)' performance. This paper traces the evolution of tokenizers from word-level to subword-level, analyzing how they balance tokens and types to enhance model adaptability while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Jinbiao Yang

Tokenization - the practice of converting strings of characters from an alphabet into sequences of tokens over a vocabulary - is a critical step in the NLP pipeline. The use of token representations is widely credited with increased model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Juan Luis Gastaldi , John Terilla , Luca Malagutti , Brian DuSell , Tim Vieira , Ryan Cotterell

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve strong performance across many tasks but suffer from high inference latency due to autoregressive decoding. The issue is exacerbated in Large Reasoning Models (LRMs), which generate lengthy chains of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Ximing Dong , Shaowei Wang , Dayi Lin , Boyuan Chen , Ahmed E. Hassan

Neural networks for computer vision extract uninterpretable features despite achieving high accuracy on benchmarks. In contrast, humans can explain their predictions using succinct and intuitive descriptions. To incorporate explainability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Khalid Saifullah , Yuxin Wen , Jonas Geiping , Micah Goldblum , Tom Goldstein

Pretrained transformer-based Language Models (LMs) are well-known for their ability to achieve significant improvement on NLP tasks, but their black-box nature, which leads to a lack of interpretability, has been a major concern. My…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Ximing Wen

A common approach to quantifying neural text classifier interpretability is to calculate faithfulness metrics based on iteratively masking salient input tokens and measuring changes in the model prediction. We propose that this property is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Evan Crothers , Herna Viktor , Nathalie Japkowicz

Generative spoken language models pretrained on large-scale raw audio can continue a speech prompt with appropriate content while preserving attributes like speaker and emotion, serving as foundation models for spoken dialogue. In prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Chan-Jan Hsu , Liang-Hsuan Tseng , Yi-Cheng Lin , Yen-Chun Kuo , Ju-Chieh Chou , Kai-Wei Chang , Hung-yi Lee , Carlos Busso

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly popular in pervasive computing due to their versatility and strong performance. However, despite their ubiquitous use, the exact mechanisms underlying their outstanding performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Alhassan Abdelhalim , Janick Edinger , Sören Laue , Michaela Regneri