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The choice of activation functions in deep networks has a significant effect on the training dynamics and task performance. Currently, the most successful and widely-used activation function is the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU). Although…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-10-30 Prajit Ramachandran , Barret Zoph , Quoc V. Le

ReLU, a commonly used activation function in deep neural networks, is prone to the issue of "Dying ReLU". Several enhanced versions, such as ELU, SeLU, and Swish, have been introduced and are considered to be less commonly utilized.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Jamshaid Ul Rahman , Rubiqa Zulfiqar , Asad Khan , Nimra

Activation functions play a key role in providing remarkable performance in deep neural networks, and the rectified linear unit (ReLU) is one of the most widely used activation functions. Various new activation functions and improvements on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Yang Liu , Jianpeng Zhang , Chao Gao , Jinghua Qu , Lixin Ji

Deep learning is currently extensively employed across a range of research domains. The continuous advancements in deep learning techniques contribute to solving intricate challenges. Activation functions (AF) are fundamental components…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Asmaa Benchama , Khalid Zebbara

Activation function is a key component in deep learning that performs non-linear mappings between the inputs and outputs. Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) has been the most popular activation function across the deep learning community.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Hock Hung Chieng , Noorhaniza Wahid , Pauline Ong

The choice of activation functions is crucial for modern deep neural networks. Popular hand-designed activation functions like Rectified Linear Unit(ReLU) and its variants show promising performance in various tasks and models. Swish, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-09 Yucong Zhou , Zezhou Zhu , Zhao Zhong

Activation functions are essential for deep learning methods to learn and perform complex tasks such as image classification. Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) has been widely used and become the default activation function across the deep…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Hock Hung Chieng , Noorhaniza Wahid , Pauline Ong , Sai Raj Kishore Perla

The nonlinearity of activation functions used in deep learning models are crucial for the success of predictive models. There are several commonly used simple nonlinear functions, including Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) and Leaky-ReLU…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Nalinda Kulathunga , Nishath Rajiv Ranasinghe , Daniel Vrinceanu , Zackary Kinsman , Lei Huang , Yunjiao Wang

Activation functions play a crucial role in neural networks because they are the nonlinearities which have been attributed to the success story of deep learning. One of the currently most popular activation functions is ReLU, but several…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-10 Steffen Eger , Paul Youssef , Iryna Gurevych

The primary neural networks decision-making units are activation functions. Moreover, they evaluate the output of networks neural node; thus, they are essential for the performance of the whole network. Hence, it is critical to choose the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Tomasz Szandała

The application of the deep learning model in classification plays an important role in the accurate detection of the target objects. However, the accuracy is affected by the activation function in the hidden and output layer. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Md. Mehedi Hasan , Md. Ali Hossain , Azmain Yakin Srizon , Abu Sayeed

Neural networks have shown tremendous growth in recent years to solve numerous problems. Various types of neural networks have been introduced to deal with different types of problems. However, the main goal of any neural network is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Shiv Ram Dubey , Satish Kumar Singh , Bidyut Baran Chaudhuri

Activation Functions introduce non-linearity in the deep neural networks. This nonlinearity helps the neural networks learn faster and efficiently from the dataset. In deep learning, many activation functions are developed and used based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Ravin Kumar

The Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) is a foundational activation function in artficial neural networks. Recent literature frequently misattributes its origin to the 2018 (initial) version of this paper, which exclusively investigated ReLU at…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Abien Fred Agarap

Activation functions have a notorious impact on neural networks on both training and testing the models against the desired problem. Currently, the most used activation function is the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU). This paper introduces a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-23 Eric Alcaide

We propose $\textit{Mish}$, a novel self-regularized non-monotonic activation function which can be mathematically defined as: $f(x)=x\tanh(softplus(x))$. As activation functions play a crucial role in the performance and training dynamics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-14 Diganta Misra

Activation functions influence behavior and performance of DNNs. Nonlinear activation functions, like Rectified Linear Units (ReLU), Exponential Linear Units (ELU) and Scaled Exponential Linear Units (SELU), outperform the linear…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Alberto Marchisio , Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Semeen Rehman , Maurizio Martina , Muhammad Shafique

This paper provides an analysis of state-of-the-art activation functions with respect to supervised classification of deep neural network. These activation functions comprise of Rectified Linear Units (ReLU), Exponential Linear Unit (ELU),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Anh Nguyen , Khoa Pham , Dat Ngo , Thanh Ngo , Lam Pham

Successive linear transforms followed by nonlinear "activation" functions can approximate nonlinear functions to arbitrary precision given sufficient layers. The number of necessary layers is dependent on, in part, by the nature of the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Andrei Nicolae

Activation functions play a pivotal role in determining the training dynamics and neural network performance. The widely adopted activation function ReLU despite being simple and effective has few disadvantages including the Dying ReLU…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-26 Sayan Nag , Mayukh Bhattacharyya
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