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In this paper we introduce a compartmental epidemic model describing the transmission of the COVID-19 disease in presence of non-mandatory vaccination. The model takes into account the hesitancy and refusal of vaccination. To this aim, we…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-06-23 Bruno Buonomo , Rossella Della Marca , Alberto d'Onofrio , Maria Groppi

To date, the only effective means to respond to the spreading of COVID-19 pandemic are non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), which entail policies to reduce social activity and mobility restrictions. Quantifying their effect is…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-03-01 Francesco Parino , Lorenzo Zino , Maurizio Porfiri , Alessandro Rizzo

How will the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic develop in the coming months and years? Based on an expert survey, we examine key aspects that are likely to influence COVID-19 in Europe. The future challenges and developments will…

Models for epidemic spread typically account for variable risk factors but do not account for the correlation between behavior and risk. Here we extend these models to account for such correlations. We find that a positive correlation…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-08-14 Yoel Sanders

Given multiple new COVID-19 variants are continuously emerging, non-pharmaceutical interventions are still primary control strategies to curb the further spread of coronavirus. However, implementing strict interventions over extended…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-03-01 Xiao Zhou , Xiaohu Zhang , Paolo Santi , Carlo Ratti

Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a trade-off between the health impacts of viral spread and the social and economic costs of restrictions. We conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of…

Applications · Statistics 2024-11-20 Nicholas J. Irons , Adrian E. Raftery

Modeling human behavior is essential to accurately predict epidemic spread, with behaviors like vaccine hesitancy complicating control efforts. While epidemic spread is often treated as a simple contagion, vaccine uptake may follow complex…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-12-17 Alfonso de Miguel-Arribas , Alberto Aleta , Yamir Moreno

Statistical physicists have long studied systems where the variable of interest spans many orders of magnitude, the classic example is the relaxation times of glassy materials, which are often found to follow power laws. A power-law…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-10-07 Richard P. Sear

Vaccination against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a key measure to reduce the probability of getting infected with the disease. Accordingly, this might significantly change an individuals perception and decision-making in daily…

General Economics · Economics 2022-03-16 Eiji Yamamura , Youki Koska , Yoshiro Tsutsui , Fumio Ohtake

The COVID-19 pandemic created enormous public health and socioeconomic challenges. The health effects of vaccination and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were often contrasted with significant social and economic costs. We describe a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Quang Dang Nguyen , Mikhail Prokopenko

We propose a simple rule of thumb for countries which have embarked on a vaccination campaign while still facing the need to keep non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) in place because of the ongoing spread of SARS-CoV-2. If the aim is to…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-01-27 Claudius Gros , Thomas Czypionka , Daniel Gros

Risk-driven behavior provides a feedback mechanism through which individuals both shape and are collectively affected by an epidemic. We introduce a general and flexible compartmental model to study the effect of heterogeneity in the…

Adherence to the non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) put in place to mitigate the spreading of infectious diseases is a multifaceted problem. Socio-demographic, socio-economic, and epidemiological factors can influence the perceived…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-02-25 Nicolò Gozzi , Niccolò Comini , Nicola Perra

Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have played a crucial role in controlling the spread of COVID-19. Nevertheless, NPI efficacy varies enormously between and within countries, mainly because of population and behavioural heterogeneity.…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-06-28 Danton Freire-Flores , Nyna Llanovarced-Kawles , Anamaria Sanchez-Daza , Álvaro Olivera-Nappa

As a reaction to the high infectiousness and lethality of the COVID-19 virus, countries around the world have adopted drastic policy measures to contain the pandemic. However, it remains unclear which effect these measures, so-called…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Lucas Baier , Niklas Kühl , Jakob Schöffer , Gerhard Satzger

Background: Due to the societal, economic, and health costs of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), it is important to assess their effects. Human mobility serves as a surrogate for human contacts and compliance to NPIs. In…

Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are crucial for controlling pandemics, but existing research often overlooks the heterogeneity of individual behavior, which can lead to inaccurate evaluations of the effectiveness of strategies. In…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-03-09 Xihan Zhang , Yuqing Liu , Chen Zhao , Guijun Li

To contain the propagation of emerging diseases that are transmissible from human to human, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) aimed at reducing the interactions between humans are usually implemented. One example of the latter kind of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-05-21 Paulo Cesar Ventura , Alberto Aleta , Francisco Aparecido Rodrigues , Yamir Moreno

Voluntary vaccination is essential to protect oneself from infection and suppress the spread of infectious diseases. Voluntary vaccination behavior is influenced by factors such as age and interaction patterns. Differences in health…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-12-11 Yanyi Nie , Tao Lin , Yanbing Liu , Wei Wang

Human behavioral responses play an important role in the impact of disease outbreaks and yet they are often overlooked in epidemiological models. Understanding to what extent behavioral changes determine the outcome of spreading epidemics…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-05-27 Benjamin Steinegger , Alex Arenas , Jesús Gómez-Gardeñes , Clara Granell