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The Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) distance serves as a powerful tool for matching objects in metric spaces. However, its traditional formulation is constrained to pairwise matching between single objects, limiting its utility in scenarios and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Aryan Tajmir Riahi , Khanh Dao Duc

Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) is a powerful tool to compare probability measures whose supports are in different metric spaces. GW suffers however from a computational drawback since it requires to solve a complex non-convex quadratic program. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-18 Tam Le , Nhat Ho , Makoto Yamada

Wasserstein distances define a metric between probability measures on arbitrary metric spaces, including meta-measures (measures over measures). The resulting Wasserstein over Wasserstein (WoW) distance is a powerful, but computationally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Moritz Piening , Robert Beinert

The Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) variant of optimal transport, designed to compare probability densities defined over distinct metric spaces, has emerged as an important tool for the analysis of data with complex structure, such as ensembles of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-15 Mary Chriselda Antony Oliver , Emmanuel Hartman , Tom Needham

We propose min Generalized Sliced Gromov--Wasserstein (min-GSGW), a sliced formulation for the Gromov--Wasserstein (GW) problem using expressive generalized slicers. The key idea is to learn coupled nonlinear slicers that assign compatible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Ashkan Shahbazi , Xinran Liu , Ping He , Soheil Kolouri

We introduce the supervised Gromov-Wasserstein (sGW) optimal transport, an extension of Gromov-Wasserstein by incorporating potential infinity patterns in the cost tensor. sGW enables the enforcement of application-induced constraints such…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-15 Zixuan Cang , Yaqi Wu , Yanxiang Zhao

Dimension reduction techniques typically seek an embedding of a high-dimensional point cloud into a low-dimensional Euclidean space which optimally preserves the geometry of the input data. Based on expert knowledge, one may instead wish to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-28 Ranthony A. Clark , Tom Needham , Thomas Weighill

The Wasserstein space of probability measures is known for its intricate Riemannian structure, which underpins the Wasserstein geometry and enables gradient flow algorithms. However, the Wasserstein geometry may not be suitable for certain…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-05-23 Zhengxin Zhang , Ziv Goldfeld , Kristjan Greenewald , Youssef Mroueh , Bharath K. Sriperumbudur

We study transport distances on metric graphs representing gas networks. Starting from the dynamic formulation of the Wasserstein distance, we review extensions to networks, with and without the possibility of storing mass on the vertices.…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-01-22 Martin Burger , Ariane Fazeny , Gilles Mordant , Jan-Frederik Pietschmann

Generalized sliced Wasserstein distance is a variant of sliced Wasserstein distance that exploits the power of non-linear projection through a given defining function to better capture the complex structures of the probability…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-20 Dung Le , Huy Nguyen , Khai Nguyen , Trang Nguyen , Nhat Ho

Structured data, such as graphs, is vital in machine learning due to its capacity to capture complex relationships and interactions. In recent years, the Fused Gromov-Wasserstein (FGW) distance has attracted growing interest because it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Yikun Bai , Shuang Wang , Huy Tran , Hengrong Du , Juexin Wang , Soheil Kolouri

Wasserstein distances are metrics on probability distributions inspired by the problem of optimal mass transportation. Roughly speaking, they measure the minimal effort required to reconfigure the probability mass of one distribution in…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-04-10 Victor M. Panaretos , Yoav Zemel

Optimal transport (OT) and Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) alignment provide interpretable geometric frameworks for comparing, transforming, and aggregating heterogeneous datasets -- tasks ubiquitous in data science and machine learning. Because…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Sanjit Dandapanthula , Aleksandr Podkopaev , Shiva Prasad Kasiviswanathan , Aaditya Ramdas , Ziv Goldfeld

In this paper, we present a novel interpretation of the so-called Weisfeiler-Lehman (WL) distance, introduced by Chen et al. (2022), using concepts from stochastic processes. The WL distance aims at comparing graphs with node features, has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Samantha Chen , Sunhyuk Lim , Facundo Mémoli , Zhengchao Wan , Yusu Wang

Sliced Optimal Transport (SOT) is a rapidly developing branch of optimal transport (OT) that exploits the tractability of one-dimensional OT problems. By combining tools from OT, integral geometry, and computational statistics, SOT enables…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-15 Khai Nguyen

This paper considers the problem of regression over distributions, which is becoming increasingly important in machine learning. Existing approaches often ignore the geometry of the probability space or are computationally expensive. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Maksim Maslov , Alexander Kugaevskikh , Matthew Ivanov

We study the problem of minimizing the Wasserstein distance between a probability distribution and an algebraic variety. We consider the setting of finite state spaces and describe the solution depending on the choice of the ground metric…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-01-15 T. Ö. Çelik , A. Jamneshan , G. Montúfar , B. Sturmfels , L. Venturello

In this paper, we investigate compact ultrametric measure spaces which form a subset $\mathcal{U}^w$ of the collection of all metric measure spaces $\mathcal{M}^w$. Similar as for the ultrametric Gromov-Hausdorff distance on the collection…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2021-07-05 Facundo Mémoli , Axel Munk , Zhengchao Wan , Christoph Weitkamp

Wasserstein distance, which measures the discrepancy between distributions, shows efficacy in various types of natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision (CV) applications. One of the challenges in estimating Wasserstein distance…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-27 Makoto Yamada , Yuki Takezawa , Ryoma Sato , Han Bao , Zornitsa Kozareva , Sujith Ravi

The Wasserstein distance, rooted in optimal transport (OT) theory, is a popular discrepancy measure between probability distributions with various applications to statistics and machine learning. Despite their rich structure and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-02 Sloan Nietert , Rachel Cummings , Ziv Goldfeld
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