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Machine Learning classifiers used in Brain-Computer Interfaces make classifications based on the distribution of data they were trained on. When they need to make inferences on samples that fall outside of this distribution, they can only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Merlijn Quincent Mulder , Matias Valdenegro-Toro , Andreea Ioana Sburlea , Ivo Pascal de Jong

The superior performance of object detectors is often established under the condition that the test samples are in the same distribution as the training data. However, in many practical applications, out-of-distribution (OOD) instances are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Tianhao Zhang , Shenglin Wang , Nidhal Bouaynaya , Radu Calinescu , Lyudmila Mihaylova

In the domain of machine learning, the assumption that training and test data share the same distribution is often violated in real-world scenarios, requiring effective out-of-distribution (OOD) detection. This paper presents a novel OOD…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Alessandro Canevaro , Julian Schmidt , Mohammad Sajad Marvi , Hang Yu , Georg Martius , Julian Jordan

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection has received much attention lately due to its importance in the safe deployment of neural networks. One of the key challenges is that models lack supervision signals from unknown data, and as a result,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Xuefeng Du , Zhaoning Wang , Mu Cai , Yixuan Li

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection remains challenging for deep learning models, particularly when test-time OOD samples differ significantly from training outliers. We propose OODD, a novel test-time OOD detection method that dynamically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Yifeng Yang , Lin Zhu , Zewen Sun , Hengyu Liu , Qinying Gu , Nanyang Ye

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection holds significant importance across many applications. While semantic and domain-shift OOD problems are well-studied, this work focuses on covariate shifts - subtle variations in the data distribution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Francisco Caetano , Christiaan Viviers , Luis A. Zavala-Mondragón , Peter H. N. de With , Fons van der Sommen

Modern manufacturing relies heavily on fusion welding processes, including gas metal arc welding (GMAW). Despite significant advances in machine learning-based quality prediction, current models exhibit critical limitations when confronted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Yannik Hahn , Jan Voets , Antonin Koenigsfeld , Hasan Tercan , Tobias Meisen

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is indispensable for machine learning models deployed in the open world. Recently, the use of an auxiliary outlier dataset during training (also known as outlier exposure) has shown promising performance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Yifei Ming , Ying Fan , Yixuan Li

Standard machine learning is unable to accommodate inputs which do not belong to the training distribution. The resulting models often give rise to confident incorrect predictions which may lead to devastating consequences. This problem is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Matej Grcić , Petra Bevandić , Zoran Kalafatić , Siniša Šegvić

The ability to detect objects that are not prevalent in the training set is a critical capability in many 3D applications, including autonomous driving. Machine learning methods for object recognition often assume that all object categories…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Zizhao Li , Xueyang Kang , Joseph West , Kourosh Khoshelham

Detecting Out-of-Distribution (OOD) samples in real world visual applications like classification or object detection has become a necessary precondition in today's deployment of Deep Learning systems. Many techniques have been proposed, of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Abhishek Joshi , Sathish Chalasani , Kiran Nanjunda Iyer

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for the reliable and safe deployment of machine learning systems in the real world. Great progress has been made over the past years. This paper presents the first review of recent advances…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Hao Lang , Yinhe Zheng , Yixuan Li , Jian Sun , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

Deep neural networks are known to be overconfident when applied to out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs which clearly do not belong to any class. This is a problem in safety-critical applications since a reliable assessment of the uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Julian Bitterwolf , Alexander Meinke , Matthias Hein

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection, i.e., identifying whether an input is sampled from a novel distribution other than the training distribution, is a critical task for safely deploying machine learning systems in the open world. Recently,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Feng Xue , Zi He , Chuanlong Xie , Falong Tan , Zhenguo Li

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection, crucial for reliable pattern classification, discerns whether a sample originates outside the training distribution. This paper concentrates on the high-dimensional features output by the final…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Qiuyu Zhu , Yiwei He

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for building reliable AI systems, as models that produce outputs for invalid inputs cannot be trusted. Although deep learning (DL) is often assumed to outperform traditional machine learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Jihyeon Baek , Seunghoon Lee , Gitaek Kwon , Doohyun Park

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial when deploying deep neural networks in the real world to ensure the reliability and safety of their applications. One main challenge in OOD detection is that neural network models often produce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jinlun Ye , Zhuohao Sun , Yiqiao Qiu , Qiu Li , Zhijun Tan , Ruixuan Wang

Identifying out-of-distribution (OOD) data at inference time is crucial for many machine learning applications, especially for automation. We present a novel unsupervised semi-parametric framework COMBOOD for OOD detection with respect to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Magesh Rajasekaran , Md Saiful Islam Sajol , Frej Berglind , Supratik Mukhopadhyay , Kamalika Das

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) generalization, a cornerstone for building robust machine learning models capable of handling data diverging from the training set's distribution, is an ongoing challenge in deep learning. While significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Sergey Kolesnikov

In supervised machine learning, the assumption that training data is labelled correctly is not always satisfied. In this paper, we investigate an instance of labelling error for classification tasks in which the dataset is corrupted with…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Turab Iqbal , Yin Cao , Qiuqiang Kong , Mark D. Plumbley , Wenwu Wang
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