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With unprecedented rapid development, deep neural networks (DNNs) have deeply influenced almost all fields. However, their heavy computation costs and model sizes are usually unacceptable in real-world deployment. Model quantization, an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Kai Liu , Qian Zheng , Kaiwen Tao , Zhiteng Li , Haotong Qin , Wenbo Li , Yong Guo , Xianglong Liu , Linghe Kong , Guihai Chen , Yulun Zhang , Xiaokang Yang

For large language models (LLMs), post-training quantization (PTQ) can significantly reduce memory footprint and computational overhead. Model quantization is rapidly evolving. Though many papers report breakthrough results, they are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yutong Liu , Cairong Zhao , Guosheng Hu

As an important part of speech recognition technology, automatic speech keyword recognition has been intensively studied in recent years. Such technology becomes especially pivotal under situations with limited infrastructures and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Ruisen Luo , Tianran Sun , Chen Wang , Miao Du , Zuodong Tang , Kai Zhou , Xiaofeng Gong , Xiaomei Yang

Mixed Precision Quantization (MPQ) has become an essential technique for optimizing neural network by determining the optimal bitwidth per layer. Existing MPQ methods, however, face a major hurdle: they require a computationally expensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Lianbo Ma , Jianlun Ma , Yuee Zhou , Guoyang Xie , Qiang He , Zhichao Lu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown immense potential in enhancing various aspects of our daily lives, from conversational AI to search and AI assistants. However, their growing capabilities come at the cost of extremely large model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Yingyu Liang , Jiangxuan Long , Zhenmei Shi , Zhao Song , Yufa Zhou

Latent Diffusion Models (LDMs) capture the dynamic evolution of latent variables over time, blending patterns and multimodality in a generative system. Despite the proficiency of LDM in various applications, such as text-to-image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Yuewei Yang , Xiaoliang Dai , Jialiang Wang , Peizhao Zhang , Hongbo Zhang

Post-training quantization (PTQ) of large language models (LLMs) holds the promise in reducing the prohibitive computational cost at inference time. Quantization of all weight, activation and key-value (KV) cache tensors to 4-bit without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Utkarsh Saxena , Sayeh Sharify , Kaushik Roy , Xin Wang

The burgeoning computational demands for training large language models (LLMs) necessitate efficient methods, including quantized training, which leverages low-bit arithmetic operations to reduce costs. While FP8 precision has shown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Jiecheng Zhou , Ding Tang , Rong Fu , Boni Hu , Haoran Xu , Yi Wang , Zhilin Pei , Zhongling Su , Liang Liu , Xingcheng Zhang , Weiming Zhang

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on resource-constrained edge devices like the Raspberry Pi presents challenges in computational efficiency, power consumption, and response latency. This paper explores quantization-based optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Mahsa Ardakani , Jinendra Malekar , Ramtin Zand

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs), which offer bidirectional context and flexible masked-denoising generation, are emerging as a compelling alternative to autoregressive (AR) LLMs. However, like AR LLMs, their model sizes continue to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Tianao Zhang , Zhiteng Li , Xianglong Yan , Haotong Qin , Yong Guo , Yulun Zhang

Quantization is the key method for reducing inference latency, power and memory footprint of generative AI models. However, accuracy often degrades sharply when activations are quantized below eight bits. Recent work suggests that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Marco Federici , Riccardo Del Chiaro , Boris van Breugel , Paul Whatmough , Markus Nagel

With the commercialization of large language models (LLMs), weight-activation quantization has emerged to compress and accelerate LLMs, achieving high throughput while reducing inference costs. However, existing post-training quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Jung Hyun Lee , Jeonghoon Kim , June Yong Yang , Se Jung Kwon , Eunho Yang , Kang Min Yoo , Dongsoo Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and LlaMA are advancing rapidly in generative Artificial Intelligence (AI), but their immense size poses significant challenges, such as huge training and inference costs, substantial energy…

Low-bit weight-only quantization significantly reduces the memory footprint of large language models (LLMs), but disproportionately affects certain examples. We analyze diverse 3-4 bit methods on LLMs ranging from 7B-70B in size and find…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Ting-Yun Chang , Muru Zhang , Jesse Thomason , Robin Jia

Parameter quantization for Large Language Models (LLMs) has attracted increasing attentions recently in reducing memory costs and improving computational efficiency. Early approaches have been widely adopted. However, the existing methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Haoyu Wang , Bei Liu , Hang Shao , Bo Xiao , Ke Zeng , Guanglu Wan , Yanmin Qian

Tiny machine learning (tinyML) has emerged during the past few years aiming to deploy machine learning models to embedded AI processors with highly constrained memory and computation capacity. Low precision quantization is an important…

In spite of the great potential of large language models (LLMs) across various tasks, their deployment on resource-constrained devices remains challenging due to their excessive computational and memory demands. Quantization has emerged as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Hao Mark Chen , Fuwen Tan , Alexandros Kouris , Royson Lee , Hongxiang Fan , Stylianos I. Venieris

Large Vision and Language Models have exhibited remarkable human-like intelligence in tasks such as natural language comprehension, problem-solving, logical reasoning, and knowledge retrieval. However, training and serving these models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Feng Zhang , Yanbin Liu , Weihua Li , Jie Lv , Xiaodan Wang , Quan Bai

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown their remarkable capacities in many NLP tasks. However, their substantial size often presents challenges for deployment. This necessitates efficient techniques for model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Robin Baki Davidsson , Pierre Nugues

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit excellent performance in various tasks. However, the memory requirements of LLMs present a great challenge when deploying on memory-limited devices, even for quantized LLMs. This paper introduces a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Weilan Wang , Yu Mao , Dongdong Tang , Hongchao Du , Nan Guan , Chun Jason Xue