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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in multilingual, real-world applications with user inputs -- naturally introducing \emph{typographical errors} (typos). Yet most benchmarks assume clean input, leaving the robustness of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Raoyuan Zhao , Yihong Liu , Lena Altinger , Hinrich Schütze , Michael A. Hedderich

Python, one of the most prevalent programming languages today, is widely utilized in various domains, including web development, data science, machine learning, and DevOps. Recent scholarly efforts have proposed a methodology to assess…

Python has become the de-facto language for training deep neural networks, coupling a large suite of scientific computing libraries with efficient libraries for tensor computation such as PyTorch or TensorFlow. However, when models are used…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Zachary DeVito , Jason Ansel , Will Constable , Michael Suo , Ailing Zhang , Kim Hazelwood

Artificial intelligence assisted mathematical proof has become a highly focused area nowadays. One key problem in this field is to generate formal mathematical proofs from natural language proofs. Due to historical reasons, the formal proof…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Lihan Xie , Zhicheng Hui , Qinxiang Cao

The context of this work is specification, detection and ultimately removal of detectable harmful patterns in source code that are associated with defects in design and implementation of software. In particular, we investigate five code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-04-03 Nicole Vavrová , Vadim Zaytsev

QuaPy is an open-source framework for performing quantification (a.k.a. supervised prevalence estimation), written in Python. Quantification is the task of training quantifiers via supervised learning, where a quantifier is a predictor that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Alejandro Moreo , Andrea Esuli , Fabrizio Sebastiani

Mixup is an effective data augmentation method that generates new augmented samples by aggregating linear combinations of different original samples. However, if there are noises or aberrant features in the original samples, Mixup may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Leixin Yang , Yu Xiang

We introduce a novel approach for testing static typing implementations based on the concept of API-driven program synthesis. The idea is to synthesize type-intensive but small and well-typed programs by leveraging and combining application…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Thodoris Sotiropoulos , Stefanos Chaliasos , Zhendong Su

Test cases are essential for software development and maintenance. In practice, developers derive multiple test cases from an implicit pattern based on their understanding of requirements and inference of diverse test scenarios, each…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Binhang Qi , Yun Lin , Xinyi Weng , Chenyan Liu , Hailong Sun , Gordon Fraser , Jin Song Dong

Tests that cause spurious failures without any code changes, i.e., flaky tests, hamper regression testing, increase maintenance costs, may shadow real bugs, and decrease trust in tests. While the prevalence and importance of flakiness is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Martin Gruber , Stephan Lukasczyk , Florian Kroiß , Gordon Fraser

Mutation testing is an effective technique for assessing the effectiveness of test suites by systematically injecting artificial faults into programs. However, existing mutation testing techniques fall short in capturing many types of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Saba Alimadadi , Golnaz Gharachorlu

Dynamically typed languages such as Python have become very popular. Among other strengths, Python's dynamic nature and its straightforward linking to native code have made it the de-facto language for many research areas such as Artificial…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Wenting Zhao , Ibrahim Abdelaziz , Julian Dolby , Kavitha Srinivas , Mossad Helali , Essam Mansour

Python type annotations enable static type checking, but most code remains untyped because manual annotation is time-consuming and tedious. Past approaches to automatic type inference fall short: static methods struggle with dynamic…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Juan Altmayer Pizzorno , Emery D. Berger

Modern Python projects execute computational functions using native libraries and give Python interfaces to boost execution speed; hence, testing these libraries becomes critical to the project's robustness. One challenge is that existing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Xin Zhang , Xutong Ma , Jiwen Yan , Baoquan Cui , Jun Yan , Jian Zhang

Python is one of the fastest-growing programming languages and currently ranks as the top language in many lists, even recently overtaking JavaScript as the top language on GitHub. Given its importance in data science and machine learning,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Idriss Abdelmadjid , Robert Dyer

Automated software verification is a very active field of research which has made enormous progress both in theoretical and practical aspects. Recently, an important amount of research effort has been put into applying these techniques on…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2010-11-16 Guido de Caso , Diego Garbervetsky , Daniel Gorín

Python type inference is challenging in practice. Due to its dynamic properties and extensive dependencies on third-party libraries without type annotations, the performance of traditional static analysis techniques is limited. Although…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Siwei Cui , Gang Zhao , Zeyu Dai , Luochao Wang , Ruihong Huang , Jeff Huang

A few works address the challenge of automating software diversification, and they all share one core idea: using automated test suites to drive diversification. However, there is is lack of solid understanding of how test suites, programs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Benoit Baudry , Simon Allier , Marcelino Rodriguez-Cancio , Martin Monperrus

Inference-time scaling via repeated sampling has shown promise in reasoning tasks, but its effectiveness in multilingual generation remains underexplored. We evaluate this approach using perplexity- and reward-based verifiers on two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Ashim Gupta , Vivek Srikumar

Gradual typing enables developers to annotate types of their own choosing, offering a flexible middle ground between no type annotations and a fully statically typed language. As more and more code bases get type-annotated, static type…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Yiu Wai Chow , Luca Di Grazia , Michael Pradel