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Parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) are pivotal components of variational quantum algorithms (VQAs), which represent a promising pathway to quantum advantage in noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. PQCs enable flexible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-13 Joona Pankkonen , Lauri Ylinen , Matti Raasakka , Andrea Marchesin , Ilkka Tittonen

The barren plateau problem in quantum neural networks (QNNs) is a significant challenge that hinders the practical success of QNNs. In this paper, we introduce residual quantum neural networks (ResQNets) as a solution to address this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Muhammad Kashif , Saif Al-kuwari

We define \emph{laziness} to describe a large suppression of variational parameter updates for neural networks, classical or quantum. In the quantum case, the suppression is exponential in the number of qubits for randomized variational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Junyu Liu , Zexi Lin , Liang Jiang

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) and their applications in the field of quantum machine learning through parametrized quantum circuits (PQCs) are thought to be one major way of leveraging noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-22 Dirk Heimann , Hans Hohenfeld , Gunnar Schönhoff , Elie Mounzer , Frank Kirchner

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are relatively robust to noise, but errors are still a significant detriment to VQAs on near-term quantum machines. It is imperative to employ error mitigation techniques to improve VQA fidelity. While…

Applying low-depth quantum neural networks (QNNs), variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are both promising and challenging in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era: Despite its remarkable progress, criticisms on the efficiency…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-11 Huan-Yu Liu , Zhao-Yun Chen , Tai-Ping Sun , Cheng Xue , Yu-Chun Wu , Guo-Ping Guo

We present hierarchical learning, a novel variational architecture for efficient training of large-scale variational quantum circuits. We test and benchmark our technique for distribution loading with quantum circuit born machines (QCBMs).…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-23 Hrant Gharibyan , Vincent Su , Hayk Tepanyan

Traditional end-to-end deep learning models often enhance feature representation and overall performance by increasing the depth and complexity of the network during training. However, this approach inevitably introduces issues of parameter…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Yuming Zhang , Peizhe Wang , Shouxin Zhang , Dongzhi Guan , Jiabin Liu , Junhao Su

Quantum computing holds great promise for solving classically intractable problems such as linear systems and partial differential equations (PDEs). While fully fault-tolerant quantum computers remain out of reach, current noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-20 Samuel Donachie , Ulysse Remond , Arthur Mathorel , Kyryl Kazymyrenko

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a promising algorithm for demonstrating quantum advantage in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. However, optimizing VQE from random initial starting parameters is challenging due to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-20 Abid Khan , Bryan K. Clark , Norm M. Tubman

Quantum machine learning holds the promise of combining the success of classical machine learning methods with the power of quantum computing, however one of the largest obstacles facing the field is the problem of barren plateaus.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-11 Tiffany Duneau , Colin Krawchuk , Anna Pearson

In hybrid classical-quantum computing, variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have emerged as a promising approach in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era; however, their performance is often hindered by barren plateaus, where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Zhehao Yi , Rahul Bhadani

Variational Bayes (VB) inference algorithm is used widely to estimate both the parameters and the unobserved hidden variables in generative statistical models. The algorithm -- inspired by variational methods used in computational physics…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-27 Hideyuki Miyahara , Vwani Roychowdhury

Quantum algorithms based on the variational principle have found applications in diverse areas with a huge flexibility. But as the circuit size increases the variational landscapes become flattened, causing the so-called Barren plateau…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Fabio Tarocco , Davide Materia , Leonardo Ratini , Leonardo Guidoni

Variational Quantum Linear Solvers (VQLS) are a promising method for solving linear systems on near-term quantum devices. However, their performance is often limited by barren plateaus and inefficient parameter initialization, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-05 Youla Yang

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is one of the most promising candidates to achieve the quantum advantage in solving combinatorial optimization problems. The process of finding a good set of variational parameters in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-18 Kien X. Nguyen , Bao Bach , Ilya Safro

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are leading strategies for using near-term quantum devices, with a well-studied bottleneck being their trainability. Standard expectation-value objectives with expressive circuits frequently encounter…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Yixian Qiu , Josep Lumbreras , Xiufan Li , Patrick Rebentrost

Solving quantum many-body systems is one of the most significant regimes where quantum computing applies. Currently, as a hardware-friendly computational paradigms, variational algorithms are often used for finding the ground energy of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Yong Liu , Guangyao Huang , Yizhi Wang , Junjie Wu

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) have emerged as a powerful class of algorithms that is highly suitable for noisy quantum devices. Therefore, investigating their design has become key in quantum computing research. Previous works have…

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a variational quantum algorithm (VQA) ideal for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) processors, and is highly successful in solving combinatorial optimization problems (COPs). It…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-23 Francesco Aldo Venturelli , Sreetama Das , Filippo Caruso