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Electro-optic modulators transform electronic signals into the optical domain and are critical components in modern telecommunication networks, RF photonics, and emerging applications in quantum photonics and beam steering. All these…
Densely integrated active photonics is key for next generation on-chip networks for addressing both footprint and energy budget concerns. However, the weak light-matter interaction in traditional active Silicon optoelectronics mandates…
Here, we demonstrate a spectrally broadband, GHz-fast Mach-Zehnder interferometeric modulator, exhibiting a miniscule VpL of 95 V-um, deploying a sub-wavelength short electrostatically tunable plasmonic phase-shifter, based on…
Optical modulators are at the heart of optical communication links. Ideally, they should feature low insertion loss, low drive voltage, large modulation bandwidth, high linearity, compact footprint and low manufacturing cost. Unfortunately,…
Here, we experimentally demonstrate an Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) Mach-Zehnder interferometer heterogeneously integrated in silicon photonics. The phase shifter section is realized in a novel lateral MOS configuration, which, due to favorable…
High bandwidth, low voltage electro-optic modulators with high optical power handling capability are important for improving the performance of analog optical communications and RF photonic links. Here we designed and fabricated a thin-film…
High-speed photonic integrated circuits leveraging the thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) platform present a promising approach to address the burgeoning global data traffic demands. As a pivotal component, TFLN-based electro-optic (EO)…
A high-modulation-efficiency optical modulator integrated on silicon (Si) is a key enabler for low-power and high-capacity optical interconnects. However, Si-based optical modulators suffer from low phase modulation efficiency owing to the…
Broadband integrated thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) electro-optic modulators (EOM) are desirable for optical communications and signal processing in both the O-band (1310 nm) and C-band (1550 nm). To address these needs, we design and…
In high-performance RF photonic systems, the Electro-Optic (EO) modulators play a critical role as a key component, requiring low SWaP-C and high linearity. While traditional lithium niobate (LiNbO$_3$) Mach-Zehnder Modulators (MZMs) have…
Electro-optic signal modulation provides a key functionality in modern technology and information networks. Photonic integration has enabled not only miniaturizing photonic components, but also provided performance improvements due to…
An integrated hybrid thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) electro-optic Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) is shown at near-infrared wavelengths. The design uses TFLN bonded to planarized silicon nitride waveguide circuits, and does not require…
Photonic technologies offer promising solutions to the power consumption, bandwidth constraints and latency limits of electronic hardware used in high-performance computing and artificial intelligence. Recently, many studies have proposed…
Optical modulators are essential building blocks for high-capacity optical communication and massively parallel computing. Among all types of optical modulators, travelling-wave Mach-Zehnder modulators (TW-MZMs) featuring high speed and…
Electro-optic modulation, the imprinting of a radio-frequency (RF) waveform on an optical carrier, is one of the most important photonics functions, being crucial for high-bandwidth signal generation, optical switching, waveform shaping,…
A low voltage, wide bandwidth compact electro-optic modulator is a key building block in the realization of tomorrow's communication and networking needs. Recent advances in the fabrication and application of thin-film lithium niobate, and…
Broadband electro-optic intensity modulators are essential to convert electrical signals to the optical domain. The growing interest in THz wireless applications demands modulators with frequency responses to the sub-THz range, high power…
Integrated photonics operating at visible-near-infrared (VNIR) wavelengths offer scalable platforms for advancing optical systems for addressing atomic clocks, sensors, and quantum computers. The complexity of free-space control optics…
An ultra-narrow slot waveguide is fabricated for use in highly-efficient, electro-optic-polymer-based, integrated-optic modulators. Measurement results indicate that $V_\pi L$'s below 1.2 V.mm are possible for balanced Mach-Zehnder…
We compare modulator designs on thick-film and thin-film silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates based on the carrier-depletion effect. This effect exhibits a lower junction capacitance as compared to its injection counterparts, leading to a…