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Solutions to pursuit-evasion and surveillance-evasion differential games are typically computed and expressed using open-loop representations, with the synthesis of feedback strategies significantly less common. We propose a numerical…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-07 Philipp Braun , Timothy L. Molloy , Gal Barkai , Iman Shames

Counterfactual regret minimization (CFR) is a family of iterative algorithms that are the most popular and, in practice, fastest approach to approximately solving large imperfect-information games. In this paper we introduce novel CFR…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Noam Brown , Tuomas Sandholm

For common notions of correlated equilibrium in extensive-form games, computing an optimal (e.g., welfare-maximizing) equilibrium is NP-hard. Other equilibrium notions -- communication (Forges 1986) and certification (Forges & Koessler…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Brian Hu Zhang , Tuomas Sandholm

The independent chip model (ICM) forms a cornerstone of all modern poker tournament strategy. However, despite its prominence, the ICM's performance in the real world has not been sufficiently scrutinized, especially at a large scale. In…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Juho Kim

Structured game representations have recently attracted interest as models for multi-agent artificial intelligence scenarios, with rational behavior most commonly characterized by Nash equilibria. This paper presents efficient, exact…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2011-10-27 B. Blum , D. Koller , C. R. Shelton

The game of SET is a popular card game in which the objective is to form Sets using cards from a special deck. In this paper we study single- and multi-round variations of this game from the computational complexity point of view and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-09-26 Michael Lampis , Valia Mitsou

A class of nonzero-sum stochastic dynamic games with imperfect information structure is investigated. The game involves an arbitrary number of players, modeled as homogeneous Markov decision processes, aiming to find a sequential Nash…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-17 Jalal Arabneydi , Amir G. Aghdam

In imperfect-information games, subgame solving is significantly more challenging than in perfect-information games, but in the last few years, such techniques have been developed. They were the key ingredient to the milestone of superhuman…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Brian Hu Zhang , Tuomas Sandholm

In imperfect information games (e.g. Bridge, Skat, Poker), one of the fundamental considerations is to infer the missing information while at the same time avoiding the disclosure of private information. Disregarding the issue of protecting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Jérôme Arjonilla , Abdallah Saffidine , Tristan Cazenave

Iterated admissibility is a well-known and important concept in classical game theory, e.g. to determine rational behaviors in multi-player matrix games. As recently shown by Berwanger, this concept can be soundly extended to infinite games…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-01-24 Romain Brenguier , Jean-François Raskin , Mathieu Sassolas

In this work, an abstract and general language for the fundamental objects underlying dynamic games under probabilistic uncertainty is developed. Combining the theory of decision trees by Al\'os-Ferrer--Ritzberger (2005) and a Harsanyian…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-08-26 E. Emanuel Rapsch

Imperfect-information multiplayer games test whether agents can act under hidden information, sparse rewards, and non-stationary opponents. We study these challenges in Big 2, a four-player imperfect-information card game. We develop a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Aalok Patwa

In many engineered systems, agents make decisions under incomplete information, creating opportunities for a planner to influence decentralized behavior through signaling. We study how such signaling can be designed in parallel-network,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yuwei Hu , Bryce L. Ferguson

We address the problem of solving parity games with imperfect information on finite graphs of bounded structural complexity. It is a major open problem whether parity games with perfect information can be solved in PTIME. Restricting the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-03-03 Bernd Puchala , Roman Rabinovich

Bilevel optimization problems involve two nested objectives, where an upper-level objective depends on a solution to a lower-level problem. When the latter is non-convex, multiple critical points may be present, leading to an ambiguous…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-18 Michael Arbel , Julien Mairal

Due to the significant progress made in the implementation of quantum hardware, efficient methods and tools to design corresponding algorithms become increasingly important. Many of these tools rely on functional representations of certain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-11 Lukas Burgholzer , Rudy Raymond , Indranil Sengupta , Robert Wille

In imperfect information games, the game state is generally not fully observable to players. Therefore, good gameplay requires policies that deal with the different information that is hidden from each player. To combat this, effective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Timo Bertram , Johannes Fürnkranz , Martin Müller

While Artificial Intelligence has successfully outperformed humans in complex combinatorial games (such as chess and checkers), humans have retained their supremacy in social interactions that require intuition and adaptation, such as…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2014-04-22 Fatimah Ishowo-Oloko , Jacob Crandall , Manuel Cebrian , Sherief Abdallah , Iyad Rahwan

We consider the problem of predicting human players' actions in repeated strategic interactions. Our goal is to predict the dynamic step-by-step behavior of individual players in previously unseen games. We study the ability of neural…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Yoav Kolumbus , Gali Noti

Hierarchical decision making problems, such as bilevel programs and Stackelberg games, are attracting increasing interest in both the engineering and machine learning communities. Yet, existing solution methods lack either convergence…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-29 Panagiotis D. Grontas , Giuseppe Belgioioso , Carlo Cenedese , Marta Fochesato , John Lygeros , Florian Dörfler