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Quantum computers promise to efficiently solve important problems classical computers never will. However, in order to capitalize on these prospects, a fully automated quantum software stack needs to be developed. This involves a multitude…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-12 Robert Wille , Lukas Burgholzer , Stefan Hillmich , Thomas Grurl , Alexander Ploier , Tom Peham

Simulating quantum circuits on classical computers is a notoriously hard, yet increasingly important task for the development and testing of quantum algorithms. In order to alleviate this inherent complexity, efficient data structures and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-08 Lukas Burgholzer , Alexander Ploier , Robert Wille

Efficient simulation of quantum circuits has become indispensable with the rapid development of quantum hardware. The primary simulation methods are based on state vectors and tensor networks. As the number of qubits and quantum gates grows…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-13 Feng Pan , Hanfeng Gu , Lvlin Kuang , Bing Liu , Pan Zhang

Hardware-efficient circuits employed in Quantum Machine Learning are typically composed of alternating layers of uniformly applied gates. High-speed numerical simulators for such circuits are crucial for advancing research in this field. In…

Quantum computing not only holds the potential to solve long-standing problems in quantum physics, but also to offer speed-ups across a broad spectrum of other fields. However, due to the noise and the limited scale of current quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-05 Julien Gacon

Quantum computers leverage the unique advantages of quantum mechanics to achieve acceleration over classical computers for certain problems. Currently, various quantum simulators provide powerful tools for researchers, but simulating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-31 Shuangxiang Zhou , Ronghang Chen , Zheng An , Shi-Yao Hou

As simulations of quantum systems cross the limits of classical computability, both quantum and classical approaches become hard to verify. Scaling predictions are therefore based on local structure and asymptotic assumptions, typically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Alberto Nocera , Jack Raymond , William Bernoudy , Mohammad H. Amin , Andrew D. King

Quantum computing is a rapidly emerging and promising field that has the potential to revolutionize numerous research domains, including drug design, network technologies and sustainable energy. Due to the inherent complexity and divergence…

Hamiltonian simulation on quantum computers is strongly constrained by gate counts, motivating techniques to reduce circuit depths. While tensor networks are natural competitors to quantum computers, we instead leverage them to support…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-04 Joe Gibbs , Lukasz Cincio

Hybrid quantum-classical machine learning represents a frontier in computational research, combining the potential advantages of quantum computing with established classical optimization techniques. PennyLane provides a Python framework…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Sidney Shapiro

Quantum simulation algorithms often require numerous ancilla qubits and deep circuits, prohibitive for near-term hardware. We introduce a framework for simulating quantum channels using ensembles of low-depth circuits in place of many-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-01 Joseph Peetz , Scott E. Smart , Prineha Narang

Limited quantum memory is one of the most important constraints for near-term quantum devices. Understanding whether a small quantum computer can simulate a larger quantum system, or execute an algorithm requiring more qubits than…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-10 Tianyi Peng , Aram Harrow , Maris Ozols , Xiaodi Wu

Tensor network algorithms can efficiently simulate complex quantum many-body systems by utilizing knowledge of their structure and entanglement. These methodologies have been adapted recently for solving the Navier-Stokes equations, which…

Simulating noisy quantum circuits is vital in designing and verifying quantum algorithms in the current NISQ (Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum) era, where quantum noise is unavoidable. However, it is much more inefficient than the classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-27 Mingyu Huang , Ji Guan , Wang Fang , Mingsheng Ying

The field of quantum algorithms is vibrant. Still, there is currently a lack of programming languages for describing quantum computation on a practical scale, i.e., not just at the level of toy problems. We address this issue by introducing…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2013-07-08 Alexander S. Green , Peter LeFanu Lumsdaine , Neil J. Ross , Peter Selinger , Benoît Valiron

Quantum++ is a modern general-purpose multi-threaded quantum computing library written in C++11 and composed solely of header files. The library is not restricted to qubit systems or specific quantum information processing tasks, being…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-12 Vlad Gheorghiu

Efficient simulation of quantum computers is essential for the development and validation of near-term quantum devices and the research on quantum algorithms. Up to date, two main approaches to simulation were in use, based on either full…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Roman Schutski , Danil Lykov , Ivan Oseledets

We propose a general tensor network method for simulating quantum circuits. The method is massively more efficient in computing a large number of correlated bitstring amplitudes and probabilities than existing methods. As an application, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-05 Feng Pan , Pan Zhang

As the number of qubits in a sensor increases, the complexity of designing and controlling the quantum circuits grows exponentially. Manually optimizing these circuits becomes infeasible. Optimizing entanglement distribution in large-scale…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-01 Laxmisha Ashok Attisara , Sathish Kumar

Efficient simulation of large-scale quantum algorithms is pivotal yet challenging due to the exponential growth of the state space inherent in both Sch\"odinger-based and Feynman-based methods. While Feynman-based simulators can be highly…