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Conventional speech-to-text translation (ST) systems are trained on single-speaker utterances, and they may not generalize to real-life scenarios where the audio contains conversations by multiple speakers. In this paper, we tackle…

Code-Switching refers to the phenomenon of switching languages within a sentence or discourse. However, limited code-switching , different language phoneme-sets and high rebuilding costs throw a challenge to make the specialized acoustic…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Wei Wang , Chao Zhang , Xiaopei Wu

Current end-to-end code-switching Text-to-Speech (TTS) can already generate high quality two languages speech in the same utterance with single speaker bilingual corpora. When the speakers of the bilingual corpora are different, the…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Chunyu Qiang , Jianhua Tao , Ruibo Fu , Zhengqi Wen , Jiangyan Yi , Tao Wang , Shiming Wang

In this paper, we propose an end-to-end Mandarin tone classification method from continuous speech utterances utilizing both the spectrogram and the short-term context information as the input. Both spectrograms and context segment features…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Jiyang Tang , Ming Li

Being able to parse code-switched (CS) utterances, such as Spanish+English or Hindi+English, is essential to democratize task-oriented semantic parsing systems for certain locales. In this work, we focus on Spanglish (Spanish+English) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Arash Einolghozati , Abhinav Arora , Lorena Sainz-Maza Lecanda , Anuj Kumar , Sonal Gupta

The theoretical code-switching (CS) literature provides numerous pointwise investigations that aim to explain patterns in CS, i.e. why bilinguals switch language in certain positions in a sentence more often than in others. A resulting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Igor Sterner , Simone Teufel

In this paper, we explore the encoding/pooling layer and loss function in the end-to-end speaker and language recognition system. First, a unified and interpretable end-to-end system for both speaker and language recognition is developed.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-04-17 Weicheng Cai , Jinkun Chen , Ming Li

Despite the recent significant advances witnessed in end-to-end (E2E) ASR system for code-switching, hunger for audio-text paired data limits the further improvement of the models' performance. In this paper, we propose a decoupled…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Shuai Zhang , Jiangyan Yi , Zhengkun Tian , Ye Bai , Jianhua Tao , Zhengqi wen

Code-switching and language identification in child-directed scenarios present significant challenges, particularly in bilingual environments. This paper addresses this challenge by using Zipformer to handle the nuances of speech, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Lavanya Shankar , Leibny Paola Garcia Perera

End-to-end multi-talker speech recognition has garnered great interest as an effective approach to directly transcribe overlapped speech from multiple speakers. Current methods typically adopt either 1) single-input multiple-output (SIMO)…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Jiawen Kang , Lingwei Meng , Mingyu Cui , Haohan Guo , Xixin Wu , Xunying Liu , Helen Meng

Code-Switching (CSW) is a common phenomenon that occurs in multilingual geographic or social contexts, which raises challenging problems for natural language processing tools. We focus here on Machine Translation (MT) of CSW texts, where we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Jitao Xu , François Yvon

Multilingual text-to-speech systems convert text into speech across multiple languages. In many cases, text sentences may contain segments in different languages, a phenomenon known as code-switching. This is particularly common in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Ahmad Alfani Handoyo , Chung Tran , Dessi Puji Lestari , Sakriani Sakti

Text-to-speech (TTS) systems are an important component in voice-based e-commerce applications. These applications include end-to-end voice assistant and customer experience (CX) voice bot. Code-mixed TTS is also relevant in these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Raviraj Joshi , Nikesh Garera

We describe models focused at the understudied problem of translating between monolingual and code-mixed language pairs. More specifically, we offer a wide range of models that convert monolingual English text into Hinglish (code-mixed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Ganesh Jawahar , El Moatez Billah Nagoudi , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed , Laks V. S. Lakshmanan

Recognizing code-switched speech is challenging for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) for a variety of reasons, including the lack of code-switched training data. Recently, we showed that monolingual ASR systems fine-tuned on code-switched…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-11 Gurunath Reddy Madhumani , Sanket Shah , Basil Abraham , Vikas Joshi , Sunayana Sitaram

End-to-end acoustic speech recognition has quickly gained widespread popularity and shows promising results in many studies. Specifically the joint transformer/CTC model provides very good performance in many tasks. However, under noisy and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-20 Wentao Yu , Steffen Zeiler , Dorothea Kolossa

Code-switching---the intra-utterance use of multiple languages---is prevalent across the world. Within text-to-speech (TTS), multilingual models have been found to enable code-switching. By modifying the linguistic input to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-17 Marlene Staib , Tian Huey Teh , Alexandra Torresquintero , Devang S Ram Mohan , Lorenzo Foglianti , Raphael Lenain , Jiameng Gao

Recently, end-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems have garnered tremendous attention because of their great success and unified modeling paradigms in comparison to conventional hybrid DNN-HMM ASR systems. Despite the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-19 Tien-Hong Lo , Shi-Yan Weng , Hsiu-Jui Chang , Berlin Chen

Code switching (CS) is a very common phenomenon in written and spoken communication but one that is handled poorly by many natural language processing applications. Looking to the application of building CS corpora, we explore CS language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Laurie Burchell , Alexandra Birch , Robert P. Thompson , Kenneth Heafield

Training a conventional automatic speech recognition (ASR) system to support multiple languages is challenging because the sub-word unit, lexicon and word inventories are typically language specific. In contrast, sequence-to-sequence models…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-02-16 Shubham Toshniwal , Tara N. Sainath , Ron J. Weiss , Bo Li , Pedro Moreno , Eugene Weinstein , Kanishka Rao