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We investigate the relationship between Forbush decreases (FDs) and associated geomagnetic storms, and their links to interplanetary solar wind parameters, using high-resolution minute data. FDs are classified by main-phase decrease steps…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-15 O. Ahmed , B. Badruddin , M. Derouich

Forbush decreases (FDs), which are short-term drops in the flux of galactic cosmic rays, are caused by the shielding from strong and/or turbulent magnetic structures in the solar wind, especially interplanetary coronal mass ejections…

Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (ICMEs) are known to modify the structure of the solar wind as well as interact with the space environment of planetary systems. Their large magnetic structures have been shown to interact with galactic…

Forbush decreases (FDs) are short-term reductions in galactic cosmic ray flux caused by interplanetary disturbances. During some interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) events, neutron monitor (NM) data also contain variations produced…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-09 Pengwei Zhao , Jie Feng

Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) cause Forbush Decreases (FDs) effects, which are local decreases in background galactic cosmic rays (GCR). Even though FDs can be observed with simple particle instruments, their amplitude and…

In this work, non-recurrent Forbush decreases (FDs) triggered by the passage of shock-driven interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) have been analyzed. Fifty-nine ICMEs have been studied but only the 25% of them were associated to a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-02-12 J. J. Blanco , E. Catalán , M. A. Hidalgo , J. Medina , O. García , J. Rodríguez-Pacheco

We study 50 cosmic ray Forbush decreases (FDs) from the Oulu neutron monitor data during 1997-2005 that were associated with Earth-directed interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). Such events are generally thought to arise due to the…

Space Physics · Physics 2016-09-21 Ankush Bhaskar , Prasad Subramanian , Geeta Vichare

Forbush decrease (FD), discovered by Scott E. Forbush about 80 years ago, is reffered to as the non-repetitive short-term depression in galactic cosmic ray (GCR) flux, presumed to be associated with large-scale perturbations in solar wind…

Space Physics · Physics 2021-11-17 Jibrin A. Alhassan. , Ogbonnaya Okike , Augustine E. Chukwude

The large-scale magnetic structure of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) has been shown to cause decreases in the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) flux measured in situ by spacecraft, known as Forbush decreases (Fds). We use…

Space Physics · Physics 2023-02-08 Emma E. Davies , Réka M. Winslow , David J. Lawrence

One of the very common in situ signatures of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), as well as other interplanetary transients, are Forbush decreases (FDs), i.e. short-term reductions in the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) flux. A…

Forbush decreases (Fd) are transient, short-term reductions in the intensity of galactic cosmic rays that reach the Earth's surface. When this reduction is observed at multiple locations at the same time, it is referred to as simultaneous…

Aims. Forbush decrease (FD) is a transient decrease followed by a gradual recovery in the observed galactic cosmic ray intensity. We seek to understand the relationship between the FDs and near-Earth interplanetary magnetic field (IMF)…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-07-29 K. P. Arunbabu , H. M. Antia , S. R. Dugad , S. K. Gupta , Y. Hayashi , S. Kawakami , P. K. Mohanty , A. Oshima , P. Subramanian

The Forbush decrease (FD) of cosmic rays is an important probe of the interplanetary environment disturbed by solar activities. In this work, we study the properties of 8 FDs electrons (including positrons) between 2 GeV and 20 GeV from…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-17 F. Alemanno , Q. An , P. Azzarello , F. C. T. Barbato , P. Bernardini , X. J. Bi , H. Boutin , I. Cagnoli , M. S. Cai , E. Casilli , J. Chang , D. Y. Chen , J. L. Chen , Z. F. Chen , Z. X. Chen , P. Coppin , M. Y. Cui , T. S. Cui , I. De Mitri , F. de Palma , A. Di Giovanni , T. K. Dong , Z. X. Dong , G. Donvito , J. L. Duan , K. K. Duan , R. R. Fan , Y. Z. Fan , F. Fang , K. Fang , C. Q. Feng , L. Feng , S. Fogliacco , J. M. Frieden , P. Fusco , M. Gao , F. Gargano , E. Ghose , K. Gong , Y. Z. Gong , D. Y. Guo , J. H. Guo , S. X. Han , Y. M. Hu , G. S. Huang , X. Y. Huang , Y. Y. Huang , M. Ionica , L. Y. Jiang , W. Jiang , Y. Z. Jiang , J. Kong , A. Kotenko , D. Kyratzis , S. J. Lei , B. Li , M. B. Li , W. H. Li , W. L. Li , X. Li , X. Q. Li , Y. M. Liang , C. M. Liu , H. Liu , J. Liu , S. B. Liu , Y. Liu , F. Loparco , M. Ma , P. X. Ma , T. Ma , X. Y. Ma , G. Marsella , M. N. Mazziotta , D. Mo , Y. Nie , X. Y. Niu , A. Parenti , W. X. Peng , X. Y. Peng , C. Perrina , E. Putti-Garcia , R. Qiao , J. N. Rao , Y. Rong , R. Sarkar , P. Savina , A. Serpolla , Z. Shangguan , W. H. Shen , Z. Q. Shen , Z. T. Shen , L. Silveri , J. X. Song , M. Stolpovskiy , H. Su , M. Su , H. R. Sun , Z. Y. Sun , A. Surdo , X. J. Teng , A. Tykhonov , G. F. Wang , J. Z. Wang , L. G. Wang , S. Wang , X. L. Wang , Y. F. Wang , D. M. Wei , J. J. Wei , Y. F. Wei , D. Wu , J. Wu , S. S. Wu , X. Wu , Z. Q. Xia , Z. Xiong , E. H. Xu , H. T. Xu , J. Xu , Z. H. Xu , Z. L. Xu , Z. Z. Xu , G. F. Xue , M. Y. Yan , H. B. Yang , P. Yang , Y. Q. Yang , H. J. Yao , Y. H. Yu , Q. Yuan , C. Yue , J. J. Zang , S. X. Zhang , W. Z. Zhang , Yan Zhang , Yi Zhang , Y. J. Zhang , Y. L. Zhang , Y. P. Zhang , Y. Q. Zhang , Z. Zhang , Z. Y. Zhang , C. Zhao , H. Y. Zhao , X. F. Zhao , C. Y. Zhou , X. Zhu , Y. Zhu , X. Luo

The Forbush Decrease (FD) represents the rapid decrease of the intensities of charged particles accompanied with the coronal mass ejections (CMEs) or high-speed streams from coronal holes. It has been mainly explored with ground-based…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-11-03 Francesca Alemanno , Qi An , Philipp Azzarello , Felicia Carla Tiziana Barbato , Paolo Bernardini , XiaoJun Bi , MingSheng Cai , Elisabetta Casilli , Enrico Catanzani , Jin Chang , DengYi Chen , JunLing Chen , ZhanFang Chen , MingYang Cui , TianShu Cui , YuXing Cui , HaoTing Dai , Antonio De Benedittis , Ivan De Mitri , Francesco de Palma , Maksym Deliyergiyev , Margherita Di Santo , Qi Ding , TieKuang Dong , ZhenXing Dong , Giacinto Donvito , David Droz , JingLai Duan , KaiKai Duan , Domenico D'Urso , RuiRui Fan , YiZhong Fan , Fang Fang , Kun Fang , ChangQing Feng , Lei Feng , Piergiorgio Fusco , Min Gao , Fabio Gargano , Ke Gong , YiZhong Gong , DongYa Guo , JianHua Guo , ShuangXue Han , YiMing Hu , GuangShun Huang , XiaoYuan Huang , YongYi Huang , Maria Ionica , Wei Jiang , Jie Kong , Andrii Kotenko , Dimitrios Kyratzis , . Li , ShiJun Lei , WenHao Li , WeiLiang Li , Xiang Li , XianQiang Li , YaoMing Liang , ChengMing Liu , Hao Liu , Jie Liu , ShuBin Liu , Yang Liu , Francesco Loparco , ChuanNing Luo , Miao Ma , PengXiong Ma , Tao Ma , XiaoYong Ma , Giovanni Marsella , Mario Nicola Mazziotta , Dan Mo , XiaoYang Niu , Xu Pan , Andrea Parenti , WenXi Peng , XiaoYan Peng , Chiara Perrina , Rui Qiao , JiaNing Rao , Arshia Ruina , MariaMunoz Salinas , Zhi Shangguan , WeiHua Shen , ZhaoQiang Shen , ZhongTao Shen , Leandro Silveri , JingXing Song , Mikhail Stolpovskiy , Hong Su , Meng Su , HaoRan Sun , ZhiYu Sun , Antonio Surdo , XueJian Teng , Andrii Tykhonov , JinZhou Wang , LianGuo Wang , Shen Wang , ShuXin Wang , XiaoLian Wang , Ying Wang , YanFang Wang , YuanZhu Wang , DaMing Wei , JiaJu Wei , YiFeng Wei , Di Wu , Jian Wu , LiBo Wu , Sha Sha Wu , Xin Wu , ZiQing Xia , EnHeng Xu , HaiTao Xu , ZhiHui Xu , ZunLei Xu , GuoFeng Xue , ZiZong Xu , HaiBo Yang , Peng Yang , YaQing Yang , Hui Jun Yao , YuHong Yu , GuanWen Yuan , Qiang Yuan , Chuan Yue , JingJing Zang , ShengXia Zhang , WenZhang Zhang , Yan Zhang , Yi Zhang , YongJie Zhang , YunLong Zhang , YaPeng Zhang , YongQiang Zhang , ZhiYong Zhang , Zhe Zhang , Cong Zhao , HongYun Zhao , XunFeng Zhao , ChangYi Zhou , Yan Zhu , Wei Chen , Li Feng , Xi Luo , ChengRui Zhu

We seek to identify the primary agents causing Forbush decreases (FDs) observed at the Earth in high rigidity cosmic rays. In particular, we ask if such FDs are caused mainly by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from the Sun that are directed…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-03 Arun Babu , H. M. Antia , S. R. Dugad , S. K. Gupta , Y. Hayashi , S. Kawakami , P. K. Mohanty , T. Nonaka , A. Oshima , P. Subramanian

The Athens Neutron Monitor Data Processing (ANMODAP) Center recorded an unusual Forbush decrease with a sharp enhancement of cosmic ray intensity right after the main phase of the Forbush decrease on 16 July 2005, followed by a second…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2010-09-21 C. Caroubalos , P. Preka-Papadema , H. Mavromichalaki , X. Moussas , A. Papaioannou , E. Mitsakou , A. Hillaris

Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (ICMEs) are prominent drivers of space weather disturbances and mainly lead to intense or extreme geomagnetic storms. The reported studies suggested that the planar ICME sheath and planar magnetic…

The large-scale magnetic structure of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) has been shown to affect the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) flux measured in situ by spacecraft, causing temporary decreases known as Forbush decreases (Fds). In…

The modulation of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) by interplanetary disturbances, manifested as Forbush decreases (FDs), has long been recognized as a signature of coronal mass ejection (CME) passages through the heliosphere. While individual…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-05 Haoyang Li , Zongyuan Ge , Zhaoming Wang

Intense geomagnetic storms are characterized by a minimum value of the Dst index at or below -100 nT. It is well known that these storms are caused by the southward magnetic fields in coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and corotating interaction…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-09 N. Gopalswamy , S. Akiyama , S. Yashiro , P. Makela , H. Xie
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