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Gaussian processes (GPs) are ubiquitous tools for modeling and predicting continuous processes in physical and engineering sciences. This is partly due to the fact that one may employ a Gaussian process as an interpolator while facilitating…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-16 D. Andrew Brown , Peter Kiessler , John Nicholson

Estimating causal effects in quasi-experiments with spatio-temporal panel data often requires adjusting for unmeasured confounding that varies across space and time. Gaussian Processes (GPs) offer a flexible, nonparametric modeling approach…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-08 Sofia L. Vega , Rachel C. Nethery

The Gaussian process (GP) is a widely used probabilistic machine learning method with implicit uncertainty characterization for stochastic function approximation, stochastic modeling, and analyzing real-world measurements of nonlinear…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-14 Mark D. Risser , Marcus M. Noack , Hengrui Luo , Ronald Pandolfi

Local approximations are popular methods to scale Gaussian processes (GPs) to big data. Local approximations reduce time complexity by dividing the original dataset into subsets and training a local expert on each subset. Aggregating the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-10 Hamed Jalali , Martin Pawelczyk , Gjergji Kasneci

Gaussian processes (GPs) are non-parametric probabilistic regression models that are popular due to their flexibility, data efficiency, and well-calibrated uncertainty estimates. However, standard GP models assume homoskedastic Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Sebastian Ament , Elizabeth Santorella , David Eriksson , Ben Letham , Maximilian Balandat , Eytan Bakshy

We introduce new Gaussian Process (GP) high-order approximations to linear operations that are frequently used in various numerical methods. Our method employs the kernel-based GP regression modeling, a non-parametric Bayesian approach to…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-06-09 Christopher DeGrendele , Dongwook Lee

We develop a fast variational approximation scheme for Gaussian process (GP) regression, where the spectrum of the covariance function is subjected to a sparse approximation. Our approach enables uncertainty in covariance function…

Computation · Statistics 2019-04-24 Linda S. L. Tan , Victor M. H. Ong , David J. Nott , Ajay Jasra

Approximations to Gaussian processes based on inducing variables, combined with variational inference techniques, enable state-of-the-art sparse approaches to infer GPs at scale through mini batch-based learning. In this work, we address…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-21 Gia-Lac Tran , Dimitrios Milios , Pietro Michiardi , Maurizio Filippone

Gaussian processes are a key component of many flexible statistical and machine learning models. However, they exhibit cubic computational complexity and high memory constraints due to the need of inverting and storing a full covariance…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-07 Teemu Härkönen , Sara Wade , Kody Law , Lassi Roininen

Gaussian process (GP) models form a core part of probabilistic machine learning. Considerable research effort has been made into attacking three issues with GP models: how to compute efficiently when the number of data is large; how to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-06-15 James Hensman , Alexander G. de G. Matthews , Maurizio Filippone , Zoubin Ghahramani

A practical approach to evaluate performance of a Gaussian process regression models (GPR) for irregularly sampled sparse time-series is introduced. The approach entails construction of a secondary autoregressive model using the fine scale…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-11-10 Mehmet Süzen , Abed Ajraou

Gaussian Process (GP) regression is a flexible non-parametric approach to approximate complex models. In many cases, these models correspond to processes with bounded physical properties. Standard GP regression typically results in a proxy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-10 Andrew Pensoneault , Xiu Yang , Xueyu Zhu

Gaussian processes (GPs) are a class of Kernel methods that have shown to be very useful in geoscience and remote sensing applications for parameter retrieval, model inversion, and emulation. They are widely used because they are simple,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-21 J. Emmanuel Johnson , Valero Laparra , Gustau Camps-Valls

This paper is concerned with the problem of how to speed up computation for Gaussian process models trained on autocorrelated data. The Gaussian process model is a powerful tool commonly used in nonlinear regression applications. Standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Ahmadreza Chokhachian , Matthias Katzfuss , Yu Ding

Sparse variational Gaussian processes (GPs) construct tractable posterior approximations to GP models. At the core of these methods is the assumption that the true posterior distribution over training function values ${\bf f}$ and inducing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Michalis K. Titsias

Sparse variational Gaussian process (GP) approximations based on inducing points have become the de facto standard for scaling GPs to large datasets, owing to their theoretical elegance, computational efficiency, and ease of implementation.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-14 Thang D. Bui , Matthew Ashman , Richard E. Turner

We apply Gaussian process (GP) regression, which provides a powerful non-parametric probabilistic method of relating inputs to outputs, to survival data consisting of time-to-event and covariate measurements. In this context, the covariates…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-09-08 James E. Barrett , Anthony C. C. Coolen

Some scenarios require the computation of a predictive distribution of a new value evaluated on an objective function conditioned on previous observations. We are interested on using a model that makes valid assumptions on the objective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-21 Lucia Asencio-Martín , Eduardo C. Garrido-Merchán

Gaussian Processes (GPs), as a nonparametric learning method, offer flexible modeling capabilities and calibrated uncertainty quantification for function approximations. Additionally, GPs support online learning by efficiently incorporating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Zewen Yang , Dongfa Zhang , Xiaobing Dai , Fengyi Yu , Chi Zhang , Bingkun Huang , Hamid Sadeghian , Sami Haddadin

We introduce a new interpretation of sparse variational approximations for Gaussian processes using inducing points, which can lead to more scalable algorithms than previous methods. It is based on decomposing a Gaussian process as a sum of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-27 Jiaxin Shi , Michalis K. Titsias , Andriy Mnih