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This article gives a new proof that fully connected neural networks with random weights and biases converge to Gaussian processes in the regime where the input dimension, output dimension, and depth are kept fixed, while the hidden layer…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-07-06 Boris Hanin

Kernel based methods have shown effective performance in many remote sensing classification tasks. However their performance significantly depend on its hyper-parameters. The conventional technique to estimate the parameter comes with high…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-04-17 Bharath Bhushan Damodaran

Consistency of the kernel density estimator requires that the kernel bandwidth tends to zero as the sample size grows. In this paper we investigate the question of whether consistency is possible when the bandwidth is fixed, if we consider…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-05-30 Efrén Cruz Cortés , Clayton Scott

Standard infinite-width limits of neural networks sacrifice the ability for intermediate layers to learn representations from data. Recent work (A theory of representation learning gives a deep generalisation of kernel methods, Yang et al.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-27 Edward Milsom , Ben Anson , Laurence Aitchison

This article derives an accurate, explicit, and numerically stable approximation to the kernel quadrature weights in one dimension and on tensor product grids when the kernel and integration measure are Gaussian. The approximation is based…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-05-03 Toni Karvonen , Simo Särkkä

Kernelized Gram matrix $W$ constructed from data points $\{x_i\}_{i=1}^N$ as $W_{ij}= k_0( \frac{ \| x_i - x_j \|^2} {\sigma^2} )$ is widely used in graph-based geometric data analysis and unsupervised learning. An important question is how…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-02-11 Xiuyuan Cheng , Hau-Tieng Wu

At initialization, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are equivalent to Gaussian processes in the infinite-width limit, thus connecting them to kernel methods. We prove that the evolution of an ANN during training can also be described by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Arthur Jacot , Franck Gabriel , Clément Hongler

``Benign overfitting'', the ability of certain algorithms to interpolate noisy training data and yet perform well out-of-sample, has been a topic of considerable recent interest. We show, using a fixed design setup, that an important class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Daniel Beaglehole , Mikhail Belkin , Parthe Pandit

We study the concentration of random kernel matrices around their mean. We derive nonasymptotic exponential concentration inequalities for Lipschitz kernels assuming that the data points are independent draws from a class of multivariate…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-01-28 Arash A. Amini , Zahra S. Razaee

We prove that a randomly initialized neural network of *any architecture* has its Tangent Kernel (NTK) converge to a deterministic limit, as the network widths tend to infinity. We demonstrate how to calculate this limit. In prior…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-01 Greg Yang

We construct approximate Fekete point sets for kernel-based interpolation by maximising the determinant of a kernel Gram matrix obtained via truncation of an orthonormal expansion of the kernel. Uniform error estimates are proved for kernel…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-06-23 Toni Karvonen , Simo Särkkä , Ken'ichiro Tanaka

Random Fourier Features (RFF) demonstrate wellappreciated performance in kernel approximation for largescale situations but restrict kernels to be stationary and positive definite. And for non-stationary kernels, the corresponding RFF could…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-15 Qin Luo , Kun Fang , Jie Yang , Xiaolin Huang

We introduce the convolutional spectral kernel (CSK), a novel family of non-stationary, nonparametric covariance kernels for Gaussian process (GP) models, derived from the convolution between two imaginary radial basis functions. We present…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-15 Zheyang Shen , Markus Heinonen , Samuel Kaski

The present paper proposes generalized Gaussian kernel adaptive filtering, where the kernel parameters are adaptive and data-driven. The Gaussian kernel is parametrized by a center vector and a symmetric positive definite (SPD) precision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Tomoya Wada , Kosuke Fukumori , Toshihisa Tanaka , Simone Fiori

Given any deep fully connected neural network, initialized with random Gaussian parameters, we bound from above the quadratic Wasserstein distance between its output distribution and a suitable Gaussian process. Our explicit inequalities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Andrea Basteri , Dario Trevisan

We study the weak convergence (in the high-frequency limit) of the frequency components associated with Gaussian-subordinated, spherical and isotropic random fields. In particular, we provide conditions for asymptotic Gaussianity and we…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-03-12 Domenico Marinucci , Giovanni Peccati

Error estimates for kernel interpolation in Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces (RKHS) usually assume quite restrictive properties on the shape of the domain, especially in the case of infinitely smooth kernels like the popular Gaussian…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-09 Tizian Wenzel , Gabriele Santin , Bernard Haasdonk

Gaussian Radial Basis Function (RBF) Kernels are the most-often-employed kernels in artificial intelligence and machine learning routines for providing optimally-best results in contrast to their respective counter-parts. However, a little…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Himanshu Singh

This paper addresses distributed learning of a complex object for multiple networked robots based on distributed optimization and kernel-based support vector machine. In order to overcome a fundamental limitation of polynomial kernels…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Toshiyuki Oshima , Junya Yamauchi , Tatsuya Ibuki , Michio Seto , Takeshi Hatanaka

Internal noise in deep networks is usually inherited from heuristics such as dropout, hard masking, or additive perturbation. We ask two questions: what correlation geometry should internal noise have, and is the implemented perturbation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Ziran Liu