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The chemical evolution in star forming regions is driven by the interplay between gas and ice mantles. Identifying the ice compositions at the early stage of star formation thus provides constraints on the chemical processes inaccessible…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-06 Andrew M. Turner , Yao-Lun Yang , Rachel Gross , Nami Sakai , Ralf I. Kaiser

We present the first astrophysical detection of methanol (CH3OH) in the torsional band near 25 um. Using high resolution mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy, we identified over seventy gas-phase CH3OH absorption lines between 20 and 28 um…

The formation pathways of sulfur-bearing species in the interstellar medium are crucial to understand astrochemical processes in cold molecular clouds and to gain new insights about the sulfur budget in these regions. We aim to explore the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-20 N. Rani , S. Vogt-Geisse , S. Bovino

Hydroxylamine (NH2OH) is one of the potential precursors of complex pre-biotic species in space. Here we present a detailed experimental study of hydroxylamine formation through nitric oxide (NO) surface hydrogenation for astronomically…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-05-26 Gleb Fedoseev , Sergio Ioppolo , Thanja Lamberts , Junfeng Zhen , Herma M. Cuppen , Harold Linnartz

Methyl isocyanate (CH$_{3}$NCO) belongs to a select group of interstellar molecules considered to be relevant precursors in the formation of larger organic compounds, including those with peptide bonds. The molecule has only been detected…

The astronomical detection of formamide (NH$_2$CHO) toward various star-forming regions and in cometary material implies that the simplest amide might have an early origin in dark molecular clouds at low temperatures. Laboratory studies…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-07-20 K. -J. Chuang , C. J\{"a}ger , S. A. Krasnokutski , D. Fulvio , Th. Henning

(Abridged) Gas-phase complex organic molecules are commonly detected in the warm inner regions of protostellar envelopes. Recent models show that photochemistry in ices followed by desorption may explain the observed abundances. This study…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-13 K. I. Oberg , R. T. Garrod , E. F. van Dishoeck , H. Linnartz

Recent astronomical observations have shown that interstellar complex organic molecules (COMs) exist even in cold environments ($\sim$10 K), while various interstellar COMs have conventionally been detected in the hot gas ($\gtrsim$ 100 K)…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-08-11 Yu Komatsu , Kenji Furuya

Methanol (CH$_{3}$OH) ice is abundant in space and is a key feedstock for seeding chemical complexity in interstellar and circumstellar environments. Despite its ubiquity, gas-phase methanol has only been detected in one disk around a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-07 John D. Ilee , Catherine Walsh , Jenny C. Calahan

In this paper is calculated and analyzed the dielectric behavior of carbon dioxide - methanol mixture and evaluate how the correct reproduction of the electrical properties of this molecules influences in the mixture of these two…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-03-11 Raúl Fuentes-Azcatl , Hector Dominguez

The Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) contains a substantial reservoir of dense molecular gas, where numerous young stellar objects (YSOs) and dense cloud cores have been identified. However, the large distance and severe foreground extinction…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-04 Yewon Kang , Deokkeun An , Jiwon Han , Sang-Il Han , Dayoung Pyo , A. C. Adwin Boogert , Kee-Tae Kim , Do-Young Byun

We report a multi-epoch, simultaneous 22 GHz H2O and 44 GHz class I CH3OH maser line survey towards 180 intermediate-mass young stellar objects, including 14 Class 0, 19 Class I objects, and 147 Herbig Ae/Be stars. We detected H2O and CH3OH…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-30 Jae-Han Bae , Kee-Tae Kim , So-Young Youn , Won-Ju Kim , Do-Young Byun , Hyunwoo Kang , Chung Sik Oh

As the recent publication by Breen et al (2013) found Class II methanol masers are exclusively associated with high mass star forming regions. Based on the positions of the Class I and II methanol and H$_{2}$O masers, UC H II regions and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2014-11-19 Hontas Farmer

Context: Hydrogenation reactions are expected to be among the most important surface reactions on interstellar ices. However, solid state astrochemical laboratory data on reactions of H-atoms with common interstellar ice constituents are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 S. E. Bisschop , G. W. Fuchs , E. F. van Dishoeck , H. Linnartz

Mantles of iced water, mixed with CO, H2CO, and CH3OH are formed during the so called prestellar core phase. In addition, radicals are also thought to be formed on the grain surfaces, and to react to form complex organic molecules later on,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-03 Vianney Taquet , Cecilia Ceccarelli , Claudine Kahane

Extremely high deuteration of several molecules have been observed around low mass protostars since a decade. Among them, formaldehyde and methanol present particularly high deuteration, with observations of abundant doubly and triply…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-04 Vianney Taquet , Cecilia Ceccarelli , Claudine Kahane

We have observed the $^{13}$CH$_3$OH $5_1-4_1$ A$^+$, $^{13}$CH$_3$OH $14_1-13_2$ A$^-$, and CH$_2$DOH $8_{2,6}-8_{1,7}$ $e_0$ lines toward 24 high-mass star-forming regions by using Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) with…

The circumstellar environments of objects on the asymptotic giant branch and beyond are rich in molecular species. Nevertheless, methanol has never been detected in such an object, and is therefore often taken as a clear signpost for a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-26 H. Olofsson , W. H. T. Vlemmings , P. Bergman , E. M. L. Humphreys , M. Lindqvist. M. Maercker , L. Nyman , S. Ramstedt , D. Tafoya

Interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs) are assumed to be mainly formed on dust-grain surfaces. However, neutral gas-phase reactions in the interstellar medium (ISM) can play an important role. In this paper, by investigating the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-09-09 F. Tonolo , J. Lupi , C. Puzzarini , V. Barone

The chemical composition of planets is inherited from that of the protoplanetary disk at the time of planet formation. Increasing observational evidence suggests that planet formation occurs in less than 1 Myr. This motivates the need for…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-14 L. Podio , A. Garufi , C. Codella , D. Fedele , E. Bianchi , F. Bacciotti , C. Ceccarelli , C. Favre , S. Mercimek , K. Rygl , L. Testi