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While recent advances in reconfigurable photonics have provided new avenues for manipulating light on the subwavelength scale, on-demand control of infrared absorption remains elusive. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a plasmonic…

Surface plasmon polaritons can substantially reduce the sizes of optical devices, since they can concentrate light to (sub)wavelength scales. However, (sub)wavelength-scale electro-optic plasmonic switches or modulators with high…

An optical equivalent of the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is of great interest to large-scale photonic integrated circuits. Previous programmable photonic devices relying on the weak, volatile thermo-optic or electro-optic effect…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-01-28 Peipeng Xu , Jiajiu Zheng , Jonathan Doylend , Arka Majumdar

Plasmonics can be used to improve absorption in optoelectronic devices and has been intensively studied for solar cells and photodetectors. Graphene has recently emerged as a powerful plasmonic material. It shows significantly less losses…

Optics · Physics 2015-05-13 Jianfa Zhang , Zhihong Zhu , Wei Liu , Xiaodong Yuan , Shiqiao Qin

Highly integrated active nanophotonics addressing both device footprint and operation speed demands is a key enabling technology for the next generation optical networks. Plasmonic systems have proven to be a serious contender to alleviate…

Guided-wave plasmonic circuits are promising platforms for sensing, interconnection, and quantum applications in the sub-diffraction regime. Nonetheless, the loss-confinement trade-off remains a collective bottleneck for plasmonic-enhanced…

Optics · Physics 2020-11-12 Charles Lin , Pohan Chang , Yiwen Su , Amr S Helmy

Neuromorphic photonics has recently emerged as a promising hardware accelerator, with significant potential speed and energy advantages over digital electronics, for machine learning algorithms such as neural networks of various types.…

Optics · Physics 2021-01-27 Changming Wu , Heshan Yu , Seokhyeong Lee , Ruoming Peng , Ichiro Takeuchi , Mo Li

Combining metamaterials with functional media brings a new dimension to their performance. Here we demonstrate substantial resonance frequency tuning in a photonic metamaterial hybridized with an electrically/optically switchable…

Nonlinear metasurfaces are multifunctional photonic elements that generate and control light, enabling multiple proof-of-principle applications, such as in nonlinear holography, beam shaping, and nanoscale sources of entangled photon pairs.…

As photonic systems progress toward enhanced miniaturization, dynamic reconfigurability, and improved energy efficiency, a central challenge endures: the accurate and independent control of optical losses and resonant properties on…

Optics · Physics 2025-10-30 Shahab Ramezanpour , Amr Helmy

Programmable integrated photonics aims to replicate the versatility of field-programmable gate arrays in the optical domain. However, scaling these systems has been prevented by the high power consumption and thermal crosstalk of…

Phase-change material (PCM)-based non-volatile multilevel phase shifters are key components in photonic integrated circuits. Electrically, multiple phase levels can be encoded by controlling the heater power and employing different…

Heat waste is a bottleneck in the development of green information technologies and much effort has been devoted to suppress the heating effect in both electronic and spintronic devices. Here we take an alternative approach and show that…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 H. Y. Yuan , Yizheng Wu , Olena Gomonay

Following how the electrical transistor revolutionized the field of electronics,the realization of an optical transistor in which the flow of light is controlled optically should open the long-sought era of optical computing and new data…

Topological photonics has revolutionized our understanding of light propagation, but most of current studies are focused on designing a static photonic structure. Developing a dynamic photonic topological platform to switch multiple…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-10-04 Jian Wei You , Qian Ma , Zhihao Lan , Qiang Xiao , Nicolae C. Panoiu , Tie Jun Cui

We investigate an optical switching mechanism for applications in active integrated photonic circuits. The mechanism utilizes a large nonlinearity of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) in epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) regime. The effect of optically induced…

Active metasurfaces promise reconfigurable optics with drastically improved compactness, ruggedness, manufacturability, and functionality compared to their traditional bulk counterparts. Optical phase change materials (O-PCMs) offer an…

Phase shifters are fundamental reconfigurable components in photonic circuits. In conjunction with passive elements, they control light flow and serve as foundational building blocks for diverse applications, including communication,…

Progress in integrated nanophotonics has enabled large-scale programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) for general-purpose electronic-photonic systems on a chip. Relying on the weak, volatile thermo-optic or electro-optic effects,…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-11-24 Jiajiu Zheng , Shifeng Zhu , Peipeng Xu , Scott Dunham , Arka Majumdar

Silicon photonics has evolved from lab research to commercial products in the past decade as it plays an increasingly crucial role in data communication for next-generation data centers and high performance computing1. Recently,…