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We introduce a class of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that utilize recurrent neural networks (RNNs) as convolution filters. A convolution filter is typically implemented as a linear affine transformation followed by a non-linear…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-29 Yi Yang

It is important for machines to interpret human emotions properly for better human-machine communications, as emotion is an essential part of human-to-human communications. One aspect of emotion is reflected in the language we use. How to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-23 Ji Ho Park

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) are extensively employed for processing sequential data such as time series. Reservoir computing (RC) has drawn attention as an RNN framework due to its fixed network that does not require training, making it…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-09-19 T. M. Kamsma , J. J. Teijema , R. van Roij , C. Spitoni

Free-running Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), especially probabilistic models, generate an ongoing information flux that can be quantified with the mutual information $I\left[\vec{x}(t),\vec{x}(t\!+\!1)\right]$ between subsequent system…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-18 Claus Metzner , Marius E. Yamakou , Dennis Voelkl , Achim Schilling , Patrick Krauss

Reservoir computing is a popular approach to design recurrent neural networks, due to its training simplicity and approximation performance. The recurrent part of these networks is not trained (e.g., via gradient descent), making them…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Pietro Verzelli , Cesare Alippi , Lorenzo Livi , Peter Tino

Deep Learning (DL) models are often black boxes, making their decision-making processes difficult to interpret. This lack of transparency has driven advancements in eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), a field dedicated to clarifying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Adam Wróbel , Mikołaj Janusz , Bartosz Zieliński , Dawid Rymarczyk

The RepEval 2017 Shared Task aims to evaluate natural language understanding models for sentence representation, in which a sentence is represented as a fixed-length vector with neural networks and the quality of the representation is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-07 Qian Chen , Xiaodan Zhu , Zhen-Hua Ling , Si Wei , Hui Jiang , Diana Inkpen

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), and specifically a variant with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), are enjoying renewed interest as a result of successful applications in a wide range of machine learning problems that involve sequential data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-18 Andrej Karpathy , Justin Johnson , Li Fei-Fei

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are a widely used tool for modeling sequential data, yet they are often treated as inscrutable black boxes. Given a trained recurrent network, we would like to reverse engineer it--to obtain a quantitative,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Niru Maheswaranathan , Alex Williams , Matthew D. Golub , Surya Ganguli , David Sussillo

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have been successfully applied to a variety of problems involving sequential data, but their optimization is sensitive to parameter initialization, architecture, and optimizer hyperparameters. Considering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Ryan Vogt , Maximilian Puelma Touzel , Eli Shlizerman , Guillaume Lajoie

Despite recent monumental advances in the field, many Natural Language Processing (NLP) models still struggle to perform adequately on noisy domains. We propose a novel probabilistic embedding-level method to improve the robustness of NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Kira A. Selby , Yinong Wang , Ruizhe Wang , Peyman Passban , Ahmad Rashid , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Pascal Poupart

Although traditional symbolic reasoning methods are highly interpretable, their application in knowledge graphs link prediction has been limited due to their computational inefficiency. A new RNNNTP method is proposed in this paper, using a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Yu-hao Wu , Hou-biao Li

Self-attention performs well in long context but has quadratic complexity. Existing RNN layers have linear complexity, but their performance in long context is limited by the expressive power of their hidden states. We present a practical…

Emotion Recognition in Conversations (ERC) facilitates a deeper understanding of the emotions conveyed by speakers in each utterance within a conversation. Recently, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated their strengths in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Cuong Tran Van , Thanh V. T. Tran , Van Nguyen , Truong Son Hy

We investigate the effective memory depth of RNN models by using them for $n$-gram language model (LM) smoothing. Experiments on a small corpus (UPenn Treebank, one million words of training data and 10k vocabulary) have found the LSTM cell…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-21 Ciprian Chelba , Mohammad Norouzi , Samy Bengio

Despite success across diverse tasks, current artificial recurrent network architectures rely primarily on implicit hidden-state memories, limiting their interpretability and ability to model long-range dependencies. In contrast, biological…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Daniel Szelogowski

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are a widely used deep architecture for sequence modeling, generation, and prediction. Despite success in applications such as machine translation and voice recognition, these stateful models have several…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-23 Ankur Mali , Alexander Ororbia , Daniel Kifer , Clyde Lee Giles

This paper presents the recurrent estimation of distributions (RED) for modeling real-valued data in a semiparametric fashion. RED models make two novel uses of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) for density estimation of general real-valued…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-31 Junier B. Oliva , Kumar Avinava Dubey , Barnabas Poczos , Eric Xing , Jeff Schneider

We show that both an LSTM and a unitary-evolution recurrent neural network (URN) can achieve encouraging accuracy on two types of syntactic patterns: context-free long distance agreement, and mildly context-sensitive cross serial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-12 Jean-Philippe Bernardy , Shalom Lappin

The standard recurrent neural network language model (RNNLM) generates sentences one word at a time and does not work from an explicit global sentence representation. In this work, we introduce and study an RNN-based variational autoencoder…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-01 Samuel R. Bowman , Luke Vilnis , Oriol Vinyals , Andrew M. Dai , Rafal Jozefowicz , Samy Bengio