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Open-domain question answering (Open-QA) is a common task for evaluating large language models (LLMs). However, current Open-QA evaluations are criticized for the ambiguity in questions and the lack of semantic understanding in evaluators.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Peiran Yao , Denilson Barbosa

Retriever-augmented instruction-following models are attractive alternatives to fine-tuned approaches for information-seeking tasks such as question answering (QA). By simply prepending retrieved documents in its input along with an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Vaibhav Adlakha , Parishad BehnamGhader , Xing Han Lu , Nicholas Meade , Siva Reddy

This paper introduces LongBench v2, a benchmark designed to assess the ability of LLMs to handle long-context problems requiring deep understanding and reasoning across real-world multitasks. LongBench v2 consists of 503 challenging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Yushi Bai , Shangqing Tu , Jiajie Zhang , Hao Peng , Xiaozhi Wang , Xin Lv , Shulin Cao , Jiazheng Xu , Lei Hou , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang , Juanzi Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are revolutionizing information retrieval, with chatbots becoming an important source for answering user queries. As by their design, LLMs prioritize generating correct answers, the value of highly plausible yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Jamshid Mozafari , Abdelrahman Abdallah , Bhawna Piryani , Adam Jatowt

Document-based question answering (QA) increasingly includes abstract questions that require synthesizing scattered information from long documents or across multiple documents into coherent answers. However, this setting is still poorly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Shu Wang , Shansong Zhou , Xinyang Wang , Shiwei Wang , Hulong Wu , Yixiang Fang

Knowledge-intensive tasks such as question answering often require assimilating information from different sections of large inputs such as books or article collections. We propose ReadTwice, a simple and effective technique that combines…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Yury Zemlyanskiy , Joshua Ainslie , Michiel de Jong , Philip Pham , Ilya Eckstein , Fei Sha

Humans often have to read multiple documents to address their information needs. However, most existing reading comprehension (RC) tasks only focus on questions for which the contexts provide all the information required to answer them,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-17 James Ferguson , Matt Gardner , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Tushar Khot , Pradeep Dasigi

Training and refreshing a web-scale Question Answering (QA) system for a multi-lingual commercial search engine often requires a huge amount of training examples. One principled idea is to mine implicit relevance feedback from user behavior…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Linjun Shou , Shining Bo , Feixiang Cheng , Ming Gong , Jian Pei , Daxin Jiang

Long-Form Question Answering (LFQA) involves generating comprehensive, paragraph-level responses to open-ended questions, which poses a significant challenge for evaluation due to the richness of information and flexible response format.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yuchen Fan , Chen Lin , Xin Zhong , Shuo Zhang , Heng Zhou , Yuchen Zhang , Mingyu Liang , Chengxing Xie , Ermo Hua , Gang Chen , Zhizhou He , Cheng Huang , Ning Ding , Bowen Zhou

Long-form question answering (LFQA) poses a challenge as it involves generating detailed answers in the form of paragraphs, which go beyond simple yes/no responses or short factual answers. While existing QA models excel in questions with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Pritom Saha Akash , Kashob Kumar Roy , Lucian Popa , Kevin Chen-Chuan Chang

There are three problems existing in the popular data-to-text datasets. First, the large-scale datasets either contain noise or lack real application scenarios. Second, the datasets close to real applications are relatively small in size.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Liang Li , Ruiying Geng , Chengyang Fang , Bing Li , Can Ma , Rongyu Cao , Binhua Li , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

Identifying the quality of free-text arguments has become an important task in the rapidly expanding field of computational argumentation. In this work, we explore the challenging task of argument quality ranking. To this end, we created a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Shai Gretz , Roni Friedman , Edo Cohen-Karlik , Assaf Toledo , Dan Lahav , Ranit Aharonov , Noam Slonim

This paper explores a novel perspective to speech quality assessment by leveraging natural language descriptions, offering richer, more nuanced insights than traditional numerical scoring methods. Natural language feedback provides…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-17 Siyin Wang , Wenyi Yu , Xianzhao Chen , Xiaohai Tian , Jun Zhang , Lu Lu , Yu Tsao , Junichi Yamagishi , Yuxuan Wang , Chao Zhang

Many Natural Language Processing and Computational Linguistics applications involves the generation of new texts based on some existing texts, such as summarization, text simplification and machine translation. However, there has been a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-12 Ping Chen , Fei Wu , Tong Wang , Wei Ding

Understanding narratives requires reading between the lines, which in turn, requires interpreting the likely causes and effects of events, even when they are not mentioned explicitly. In this paper, we introduce Cosmos QA, a large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Lifu Huang , Ronan Le Bras , Chandra Bhagavatula , Yejin Choi

Question Answering (QA) datasets are crucial in assessing reading comprehension skills for both machines and humans. While numerous datasets have been developed in English for this purpose, a noticeable void exists in less-resourced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Bernardo Leite , Tomás Freitas Osório , Henrique Lopes Cardoso

While increasingly complex approaches to question answering (QA) have been proposed, the true gain of these systems, particularly with respect to their expensive training requirements, can be inflated when they are not compared to adequate…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-07-06 Vikas Yadav , Rebecca Sharp , Mihai Surdeanu

Semantic parsing shines at analyzing complex natural language that involves composition and computation over multiple pieces of evidence. However, datasets for semantic parsing contain many factoid questions that can be answered from a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-17 Alon Talmor , Mor Geva , Jonathan Berant

Research in Document Intelligence and especially in Document Key Information Extraction (DocKIE) has been mainly solved as Token Classification problem. Recent breakthroughs in both natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Laurent Lam , Pirashanth Ratnamogan , Joël Tang , William Vanhuffel , Fabien Caspani

As we become increasingly dependent on vision language models (VLMs) to answer questions about the world around us, there is a significant amount of research devoted to increasing both the difficulty of video question answering (VQA)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Sam Pollard , Michael Wray