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The capability of the traditional semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods is far from real-world application due to severely biased pseudo-labels caused by (1) class imbalance and (2) class distribution mismatch between labeled and unlabeled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Youngtaek Oh , Dong-Jin Kim , In So Kweon

Improving generalization is a major challenge in audio classification due to labeled data scarcity. Self-supervised learning (SSL) methods tackle this by leveraging unlabeled data to learn useful features for downstream classification…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-22 Melikasadat Emami , Dung Tran , Kazuhito Koishida

Following the success of supervised learning, semi-supervised learning (SSL) is now becoming increasingly popular. SSL is a family of methods, which in addition to a labeled training set, also use a sizable collection of unlabeled data for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Erik Wallin , Lennart Svensson , Fredrik Kahl , Lars Hammarstrand

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) has become a preferred paradigm in many deep learning tasks, which reduces the need for human labor. Previous studies primarily focus on effectively utilising the labelled and unlabeled data to improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Qian Shao , Jiangrui Kang , Qiyuan Chen , Zepeng Li , Hongxia Xu , Yiwen Cao , Jiajuan Liang , Jian Wu

Deep learning is pushing the state-of-the-art in many computer vision applications. However, it relies on large annotated data repositories, and capturing the unconstrained nature of the real-world data is yet to be solved. Semi-supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-29 Mamshad Nayeem Rizve , Navid Kardan , Mubarak Shah

Current 3D semi-supervised segmentation methods face significant challenges such as limited consideration of contextual information and the inability to generate reliable pseudo-labels for effective unsupervised data use. To address these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Sanaz Karimijafarbigloo , Reza Azad , Yury Velichko , Ulas Bagci , Dorit Merhof

This paper looks at semi-supervised learning (SSL) for image-based text recognition. One of the most popular SSL approaches is pseudo-labeling (PL). PL approaches assign labels to unlabeled data before re-training the model with a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Gaurav Patel , Jan Allebach , Qiang Qiu

Recent years have witnessed great strides in self-supervised learning (SSL) on the speech processing. The SSL model is normally pre-trained on a great variety of unlabelled data and a large model size is preferred to increase the modeling…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-08 Yujin Wang , Changli Tang , Ziyang Ma , Zhisheng Zheng , Xie Chen , Wei-Qiang Zhang

Learning transferable data representations from abundant unlabeled data remains a central challenge in machine learning. Although numerous self-supervised learning methods have been proposed to address this challenge, a significant class of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-21 Chenguang Duan , Yuling Jiao , Huazhen Lin , Wensen Ma , Jerry Zhijian Yang

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) commonly exhibits confirmation bias, where models disproportionately favor certain classes, leading to errors in predicted pseudo labels that accumulate under a self-training paradigm. Unlike supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Yu Wang , Yuxuan Yin , Peng Li

Given an unlabeled dataset and an annotation budget, we study how to selectively label a fixed number of instances so that semi-supervised learning (SSL) on such a partially labeled dataset is most effective. We focus on selecting the right…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Xudong Wang , Long Lian , Stella X. Yu

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is a promising approach for training deep classification models using labeled and unlabeled datasets. However, existing SSL methods rely on a large unlabeled dataset, which may not always be available in many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Shin'ya Yamaguchi

Pseudo-labeling is a crucial technique in semi-supervised learning (SSL), where artificial labels are generated for unlabeled data by a trained model, allowing for the simultaneous training of labeled and unlabeled data in a supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Khanh-Binh Nguyen , Joon-Sung Yang

Joint-embedding self-supervised learning (SSL), the key paradigm for unsupervised representation learning from visual data, learns from invariances between semantically-related data pairs. We study the one-to-many mapping problem in SSL,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yipeng Zhang , Hafez Ghaemi , Jungyoon Lee , Shahab Bakhtiari , Eilif B. Muller , Laurent Charlin

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) seeks to leverage large amounts of non-annotated data along with the smallest amount possible of annotated data in order to achieve the same level of performance as if all data were annotated. A fruitful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Nikolaos Karaliolios , Hervé Le Borgne , Florian Chabot

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) approaches have been an influential framework for the usage of unlabeled data when there is not a sufficient amount of labeled data available over the course of training. SSL methods based on Convolutional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Fariborz Taherkhani , Hadi Kazemi , Ali Dabouei , Jeremy Dawson , Nasser M. Nasrabadi

Adversarial robustness is a research area that has recently received a lot of attention in the quest for trustworthy artificial intelligence. However, recent works on adversarial robustness have focused on supervised learning where it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Dongyoon Yang , Insung Kong , Yongdai Kim

Open-set semi-supervised learning (open-set SSL) investigates a challenging but practical scenario where out-of-distribution (OOD) samples are contained in the unlabeled data. While the mainstream technique seeks to completely filter out…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-13 Junkai Huang , Chaowei Fang , Weikai Chen , Zhenhua Chai , Xiaolin Wei , Pengxu Wei , Liang Lin , Guanbin Li

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) is important for reducing the annotation cost for medical image segmentation models. State-of-the-art SSL methods such as Mean Teacher, FixMatch and Cross Pseudo Supervision (CPS) are mainly based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Weiren Zhao , Lanfeng Zhong , Xin Liao , Wenjun Liao , Sichuan Zhang , Shaoting Zhang , Guotai Wang

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) algorithms struggle to perform well when exposed to imbalanced training data. In this scenario, the generated pseudo-labels can exhibit a bias towards the majority class, and models that employ these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Zeju Li , Ying-Qiu Zheng , Chen Chen , Saad Jbabdi