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The growing popularity of Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) and their applications has led to a significant fast-paced increase of neuromorphic architectures capable of mimicking the spike-based data processing typical of biological neurons.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Michelangelo Barocci , Vittorio Fra , Enrico Macii , Gianvito Urgese

Modern transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) are constructed with a series of decoder blocks. Each block comprises three key components: (1) QKV generation, (2) multi-head attention, and (3) feed-forward networks. In batched…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Guseul Heo , Sangyeop Lee , Jaehong Cho , Hyunmin Choi , Sanghyeon Lee , Hyungkyu Ham , Gwangsun Kim , Divya Mahajan , Jongse Park

Modern Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are now considered accelerators for general purpose computation. A tight interaction between the GPU and the interconnection network is the strategy to express the full potential on capability…

While there is a large body of research on efficient processing of deep neural networks (DNNs), ultra-low-latency realization of these models for applications with stringent, sub-microsecond latency requirements continues to be an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Mahdi Nazemi , Arash Fayyazi , Amirhossein Esmaili , Atharva Khare , Soheil Nazar Shahsavani , Massoud Pedram

Neural networks (NNs) have demonstrated their potential in a wide range of applications such as image recognition, decision making or recommendation systems. However, standard NNs are unable to capture their model uncertainty which is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Hongxiang Fan , Martin Ferianc , Miguel Rodrigues , Hongyu Zhou , Xinyu Niu , Wayne Luk

In recent years deep learning algorithms have shown extremely high performance on machine learning tasks such as image classification and speech recognition. In support of such applications, various FPGA accelerator architectures have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-09 Xinyu Zhang , Srinjoy Das , Ojash Neopane , Ken Kreutz-Delgado

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) have emerged as the state-of-the-art deep learning model for representation learning on graphs. It is challenging to accelerate training of GCNs, due to (1) substantial and irregular data communication to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-01-09 Hanqing Zeng , Viktor Prasanna

The increase in open-source availability of Large Language Models (LLMs) has enabled users to deploy them on more and more resource-constrained edge devices to reduce reliance on network connections and provide more privacy. However, the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Jude Haris , Rappy Saha , Wenhao Hu , José Cano

With the widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs), the demand for high-performance LLM inference services continues to grow. To meet this demand, a growing number of AI accelerators have been proposed, such as Google TPU, Huawei…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Tianhao Zhu , Dahu Feng , Erhu Feng , Yubin Xia

Mixed-precision neural networks (MPNNs) that enable the use of just enough data width for a deep learning task promise significant advantages of both inference accuracy and computing overhead. FPGAs with fine-grained reconfiguration…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Erjing Luo , Haitong Huang , Cheng Liu , Guoyu Li , Bing Yang , Ying Wang , Huawei Li , Xiaowei Li

Heterogeneous computers integrate general-purpose host processors with domain-specific accelerators to combine versatility with efficiency and high performance. To realize the full potential of heterogeneous computers, however, many…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Andreas Kurth , Björn Forsberg , Luca Benini

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have recently exploded in popularity thanks to their broad applicability to ubiquitous graph-related problems such as quantum chemistry, drug discovery, and high energy physics. However, meeting demand for novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-24 Stefan Abi-Karam , Yuqi He , Rishov Sarkar , Lakshmi Sathidevi , Zihang Qiao , Cong Hao

FPGA accelerators for lightweight neural convolutional networks (LWCNNs) have recently attracted significant attention. Most existing LWCNN accelerators focus on single-Computing-Engine (CE) architecture with local optimization. However,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Zhiyuan Zhao , Yihao Chen , Pengcheng Feng , Jixing Li , Gang Chen , Rongxuan Shen , Huaxiang Lu

Light-weight convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have small complexity and are good candidates for low-power, high-throughput inference. Such networks are heterogeneous in terms of computation-to-communication (CTC) ratios and computation…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Tiandong Zhao , Yunxuan Yu , Kun Wang , Lei He

High-order tensor decomposition has been widely adopted to obtain compact deep neural networks for edge deployment. However, existing studies focus primarily on its algorithmic advantages such as accuracy and compression ratio-while…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Jinsong Zhang , Minghe Li , Jiayi Tian , Jinming Lu , Zheng Zhang

Neural network accelerators with low latency and low energy consumption are desirable for edge computing. To create such accelerators, we propose a design flow for accelerating the extremely low bit-width neural network (ELB-NN) in embedded…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-10-29 Junsong Wang , Qiuwen Lou , Xiaofan Zhang , Chao Zhu , Yonghua Lin , Deming Chen

Recently, the field of deep learning has received great attention by the scientific community and it is used to provide improved solutions to many computer vision problems. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been successfully used to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Panagiotis G. Mousouliotis , Loukas P. Petrou

Custom hardware accelerators for Deep Neural Networks are increasingly popular: in fact, the flexibility and performance offered by FPGAs are well-suited to the computational effort and low latency constraints required by many image…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Serena Curzel , Nicolò Ghielmetti , Michele Fiorito , Fabrizio Ferrandi

Deep learning has significantly advanced the state of the art in artificial intelligence, gaining wide popularity from both industry and academia. Special interest is around Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), which take inspiration from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-09-30 R. Tapiador , A. Rios-Navarro , A. Linares-Barranco , Minkyu Kim , Deepak Kadetotad , Jae-sun Seo

Compiler frameworks are crucial for the widespread use of FPGA-based deep learning accelerators. They allow researchers and developers, who are not familiar with hardware engineering, to harness the performance attained by domain-specific…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Daniel Gerlinghoff , Zhehui Wang , Xiaozhe Gu , Rick Siow Mong Goh , Tao Luo