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We present the Temporal Graph Benchmark (TGB), a collection of challenging and diverse benchmark datasets for realistic, reproducible, and robust evaluation of machine learning models on temporal graphs. TGB datasets are of large scale,…

Numerous Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been developed to tackle the challenge of Knowledge Graph Embedding (KGE). However, many of these approaches overlook the crucial role of relation information and inadequately integrate it with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Peyman Baghershahi , Reshad Hosseini , Hadi Moradi

Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion (TKGC) under the extrapolation setting aims to predict the missing entity from a fact in the future, posing a challenge that aligns more closely with real-world prediction problems. Existing research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Kunze Wang , Soyeon Caren Han , Josiah Poon

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have exhibited remarkable efficacy in diverse graph learning tasks, particularly on static homophilic graphs. Recent attention has pivoted towards more intricate structures, encompassing (1) static heterophilic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Yuchen Yan , Yuzhong Chen , Huiyuan Chen , Xiaoting Li , Zhe Xu , Zhichen Zeng , Lihui Liu , Zhining Liu , Hanghang Tong

How can we perform knowledge reasoning over temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs)? TKGs represent facts about entities and their relations, where each fact is associated with a timestamp. Reasoning over TKGs, i.e., inferring new facts from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Namyong Park , Fuchen Liu , Purvanshi Mehta , Dana Cristofor , Christos Faloutsos , Yuxiao Dong

Entity alignment (EA) aims to find entities in different knowledge graphs (KGs) that refer to the same object in the real world. Recent studies incorporate temporal information to augment the representations of KGs. The existing methods for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Li Cai , Xin Mao , Meirong Ma , Hao Yuan , Jianchao Zhu , Man Lan

Question Answering over Temporal Knowledge Graphs (TKGQA) has attracted growing interest for handling time-sensitive queries. However, existing methods still struggle with: 1) weak incorporation of temporal constraints in question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Wuzhenghong Wen , Bowen Zhou , Jinwen Huang , Xianjie Wu , Yuwei Sun , Su Pan , Liang Li , Jianting Liu

Leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) for Knowledge Graph Completion (KGC) is promising but hindered by a fundamental granularity mismatch. LLMs operate on fragmented token sequences, whereas entities are the fundamental units in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Siyue Su , Jian Yang , Bo Li , Guanglin Niu

A Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) is a sequence of KGs corresponding to different timestamps. TKG reasoning aims to predict potential facts in the future given the historical KG sequences. One key of this task is to mine and understand…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Zixuan Li , Saiping Guan , Xiaolong Jin , Weihua Peng , Yajuan Lyu , Yong Zhu , Long Bai , Wei Li , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Predicting missing facts for temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs) is a fundamental task, called temporal knowledge graph completion (TKGC). One key challenge in this task is the imbalance in data distribution, where facts are unevenly spread…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Jiasheng Zhang , Deqiang Ouyang , Shuang Liang , Jie Shao

Reasoning over Temporal Knowledge Graphs (TKGs) aims to predict future facts based on given history. One of the key challenges for prediction is to learn the evolution of facts. Most existing works focus on exploring evolutionary…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Yuwei Xia , Mengqi Zhang , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Xiao-Yu Zhang

Temporal knowledge graph reasoning (TKGR) aims to predict future events by inferring missing entities with dynamic knowledge structures. Existing LLM-based reasoning methods prioritize contextual over structural relations, struggling to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Shiqi Fan , Quanming Yao , Hongyi Nie , Wentao Ma , Zhen Wang , Wen Hua

Graph data is omnipresent and has a wide variety of applications, such as in natural science, social networks, or the semantic web. However, while being rich in information, graphs are often noisy and incomplete. As a result, graph…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Luisa Werner , Nabil Layaïda , Pierre Genevès , Sarah Chlyah

Temporal graph is an abstraction for modeling dynamic systems that consist of evolving interaction elements. In this paper, we aim to solve an important yet neglected problem -- how to learn information from high-order neighbors in temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Zehong Wang , Qi Li , Donghua Yu

Temporal graph signals are multivariate time series with individual components associated with nodes of a fixed graph structure. Data of this kind arises in many domains including activity of social network users, sensor network readings…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Maxwell McNeil , Lin Zhang , Petko Bogdanov

Temporal graph clustering is a complex task that involves discovering meaningful structures in dynamic graphs where relationships and entities change over time. Existing methods typically require centralized data collection, which poses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Zihao Zhou , Yang Liu , Xianghong Xu , Qian Li

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have been attracting widespread attentions due to their encouraging performance and powerful generalizations. However, few work provide a general view to interpret various GCNs and guide GCNs' designs. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Shiping Wang , Zhihao Wu , Yuhong Chen , Yong Chen

Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) representation learning embeds entities and event types into a continuous low-dimensional vector space by integrating the temporal information, which is essential for downstream tasks, e.g., event prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Xing Tang , Ling Chen

Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) completion models traditionally assume access to the entire graph during training. This overlooks challenges stemming from the evolving nature of TKGs, such as: (i) the model's requirement to generalize and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Mehrnoosh Mirtaheri , Ryan A. Rossi , Sungchul Kim , Kanak Mahadik , Tong Yu , Xiang Chen , Mohammad Rostami

The era of "data deluge" has sparked renewed interest in graph-based learning methods and their widespread applications ranging from sociology and biology to transportation and communications. In this context of graph-aware methods, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-30 Vassilis N. Ioannidis , Antonio G. Marques , Georgios B. Giannakis