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The increasing complexity of quantum software presents significant challenges for software verification and validation, particularly in the context of unit testing. This work presents a comprehensive study on quantum-centric unit tests,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Andriy Miranskyy , José Campos , Anila Mjeda , Lei Zhang , Ignacio García Rodríguez de Guzmán

We describe a simple randomized benchmarking protocol for quantum information processors and obtain a sequence of models for the observable fidelity decay as a function of a perturbative expansion of the errors. We are able to prove that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-06-14 Easwar Magesan , J. M. Gambetta , Joseph Emerson

Quantum technology has led to increasingly sophisticated and complex quantum devices. Assessing their reliability (quantum reliability) is an important issue. Although reliability theory for classical devices has been well developed in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-24 L. X. Cui , Y-M. Du , C. P. Sun

We propose an improved bound for the difference between phase and bit error rate in measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with uncharacterized qubits. We show by simulations that the bound considerably increases the final…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-02 Won-Young Hwang , Hong-Yi Su , Joonwoo Bae

Programmable quantum devices provide a platform to control the coherent dynamics of quantum wavefunctions. Here we experimentally realize adaptive monitored quantum circuits, which incorporate conditional feedback into non-unitary…

The 5-qubit quantum computer prototypes that IBM has given open access to on the cloud allow the implementation of real experiments on a quantum processor. We present the results obtained in five experimental tests performed on these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-16 Diego García-Martín , Germán Sierra

We use quantum process tomography to characterize a full universal set of all-microwave gates on two superconducting single-frequency single-junction transmon qubits. All extracted gate fidelities, including those for Clifford group…

Coherent gate errors are a concern in many proposed quantum computing architectures. These errors can be effectively handled through composite pulse sequences for single-qubit gates, however, such techniques are less feasible for entangling…

Certifying the performance of quantum computers requires standardized tests. We propose a simple energy estimation benchmark that is motivated from quantum chemistry. With this benchmark we statistically characterize the noisy outcome of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-09 Andreas J. C. Woitzik , Lukas Hoffmann , Andreas Buchleitner , Edoardo G. Carnio

Violation of Mermin inequalities is tested on the 5-qubit IBM quantum computer. For 3, 4 and 5 parties, quantum states that violate the corresponding Mermin inequalities are constructed using quantum circuits on superconducting qubits.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-13 Daniel Alsina , José Ignacio Latorre

Quantum state preparation by adiabatic evolution is currently rendered ineffective by the long implementation times of the underlying quantum circuits, comparable to the decoherence time of present and near-term quantum devices. These…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-14 E. A. Coello Perez , J. Bonitati , D. Lee , S. Quaglioni , K. A. Wendt

Accurate and precise control of large quantum systems is paramount to achieve practical advantages on quantum devices. Therefore, benchmarking the hardware errors in quantum computers has drawn significant attention lately. Existing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-18 Bharath Hebbe Madhusudhana

Running a quantum circuit on current hardware involves a sequence of engineering decisions, each with tunable parameters and distinct error characteristics. Existing tools optimize each decision in isolation, leaving practitioners unable to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Kisho Sotokawa , Hideaki Kawaguchi , Shin Nishio , Takahiko Satoh

The actual gate performed on, say, a qubit in a quantum computer may depend, not just on the actual laser pulses and voltages we programmed to implement the gate, but on its {\em context} as well. For example, it may depend on what gate has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-03 Andrzej Veitia , Steven J. van Enk

Quantum state discrimination depicts the general progress of extracting classical information from quantum systems. We show that quantum state discrimination can be realized in a device-independent scenario using tools of self-testing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-25 Xinyu Qiu , Lin Chen

Medium-scale quantum devices that integrate about hundreds of physical qubits are likely to be developed in the near future. However, such devices will lack the resources for realizing quantum fault tolerance. Therefore, the main challenge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-24 Chao Song , Jing Cui , H. Wang , J. Hao , H. Feng , Ying Li

This is an investigation of the limits of quantum circuit simulation with Schrodinger's formulation and low precision arithmetic. The goal is to estimate how much memory can be saved in simulations that involve random, maximally entangled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-28 Santiago I. Betelu

Quantum computers will require encoding of quantum information to protect them from noise. Fault-tolerant quantum computing architectures illustrate how this might be done but have not yet shown a conclusive practical advantage. Here we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-01 Robin Harper , Steven T. Flammia

An error-corrected quantum processor will require millions of qubits, accentuating the advantage of nanoscale devices with small footprints, such as silicon quantum dots. However, as for every device with nanoscale dimensions, disorder at…

As quantum computing hardware steadily increases in qubit count and quality, one important question is how to allocate these resources to mitigate the effects of hardware noise. In a transitional era between noisy small-scale and fully…