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Professor Cadogan at the University of the West Indies identified special starting points that yield long subsequences where the normalization constant, k, is always one. I studied these special sequences and found an implicit mixed integer…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-08-23 Thomas W. Lynch

If dividing by $p$ is a mistake, multiply by $q$ and translate, and so you'll live to iterate. We show that if we define a Collatz-like map in this form then, under suitable conditions on $p$ and $q$, almost all orbits of this map attain…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-11-22 Felipe Gonçalves , Rachel Greenfeld , Jose Madrid

In this paper, we discuss the well known 3x+1 conjecture in form of the accelerated Collatz function T defined on the positive odd integers. We present a sequence of quotient spaces and an invertible map that are intrinsically related to…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-07-26 Peter Hellekalek

Consider the sequence $\mathcal{V}(2,n)$ constructed in a greedy fashion by setting $a_1 = 2$, $a_2 = n$ and defining $a_{m+1}$ as the smallest integer larger than $a_m$ that can be written as the sum of two (not necessarily distinct)…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-04-26 Borys Kuca

In this paper we consider the following conjecture, proposed by Brian Alspach, concerning partial sums in finite cyclic groups: given a subset $A$ of $\mathbb{Z}_n\setminus \{0\}$ of size $k$ such that $\sum_{z\in A} z\not= 0$, it is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-24 Simone Costa , Marco Antonio Pellegrini

Various specifiable combinatorial structures, with d extensive parameters, can be exactly sampled both by the recursive method, with linear arithmetic complexity if a heavy preprocessing is performed, or by the Boltzmann method, with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-07-09 Frederique Bassino , Andrea Sportiello

We present a formulation of the Collatz conjecture that is potentially more amenable to modeling and analysis by automated termination checking tools.

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Ashish Tiwari

The tangent number $T_{2n+1}$ is equal to the number of increasing labelled complete binary trees with $2n+1$ vertices. This combinatorial interpretation immediately proves that $T_{2n+1}$ is divisible by $2^n$. However, a stronger…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-02-28 Guo-Niu Han , Jing-Yi Liu

In this research, an optimal algorithm for the Collatz conjecture is presented. Properties such as the convergence of the algorithm and an equation that relates the algorithm to the classical Collatz conjecture are obtained. It is validated…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2024-07-23 Juan Carlos Riano-Rojas

This paper proposes a formula expression for the well-known Collatz conjecture (or 3x+1 problem), which can pinpoint all the growth points in the orbits of the Collatz map for any natural numbers. The Collatz map $Col: \mathcal{N}+1…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-10-02 Longjiang Li

Prawitz suggested expanding a natural deduction system for intuitionistic logic to include rules for classical logic constructors, allowing both intuitionistic and classical elements to coexist without losing their inherent characteristics.…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-04-15 João Rasga , Cristina Sernadas

The Collatz conjecture, also known as the 3n+1 problem, is one of the most popular open problems in number theory. In this note, an algorithm for the verification of the Collatz conjecture is presented that works on a standard PC for…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-25 Andreas-Stephan Elsenhans

In this article we present set of infinite natural numbers which satisfies the conjecture $3n+1$.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2016-08-05 G. H. S. Costa , A. C. Souza Filho

Let $g$ be a map from the set of positive integers into itself defined as follows: Let $x$ be a positive integer. If $x$ is odd, then $g(x)=3x+1$, and if $x$ is even, then $g(x)=x/2$. The $3x+1$ conjecture, also called the Collatz…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-11-24 J. Llibre , C. Valls

The Collatz problem is one of many names (the Collatz Problem, the Syracuse Problem, the Hailstone Problem, the 3x+1 problem). Most commonly, however, the problem goes by either the 3x+1 problem or the Collatz problem. In addition to having…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-05-04 Denver Stahl

A recurrence relation is said to have the Laurent property if all of its iterates are Laurent polynomials in the initial values with integer coefficients. We consider a family of nonlinear recurrences with the Laurent property, which were…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2020-10-28 Andrew N. W. Hone , Joe Pallister

This article is based upon previous work by Sousa Ramos and his collaborators. They first prove that the existence of only one orbit associated with the Collatz conjecture is equivalent to the determinant of each matrix of a certain…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-05 Louis Kauffman , Pedro Lopes

The purpose of this study is to show how to get a necessary criterion for prime numbers with the help of special matrices. My special interest lies in the empirical research of these matrices and their patterns, structures and symmetries.…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2016-08-09 Jonas Kaiser

For any $2 \le n < \omega$, we introduce a forcing poset using generalized promises which adds a normal $n$-splitting subtree to a $(\ge \! n)$-splitting normal Aronszajn tree. Using this forcing poset, we prove several consistency results…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-09-17 John Krueger

In this paper, we prove that reduced dynamics on Collatz conjecture is periodical, and its period equals 2 to the power of the count of x/2 computation in the reduced dynamics. More specifically, if there exists reduced dynamics of x (that…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2023-04-21 Wei Ren