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In many real-world applications, the frequency distribution of class labels for training data can exhibit a long-tailed distribution, which challenges traditional approaches of training deep neural networks that require heavy amounts of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Richard Franklin , Jiawei Yao , Deyang Zhong , Qi Qian , Juhua Hu

Most existing methods that cope with noisy labels usually assume that the class distributions are well balanced, which has insufficient capacity to deal with the practical scenarios where training samples have imbalanced distributions. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Chaowei Fang , Lechao Cheng , Huiyan Qi , Dingwen Zhang

Real-world data exhibiting skewed distributions pose a serious challenge to existing object detectors. Moreover, the samplers in detectors lead to shifted training label distributions, while the tremendous proportion of background to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Liang Zhao , Yao Teng , Limin Wang

Conventional detectors suffer from performance degradation when dealing with long-tailed data due to a classification bias towards the majority head categories. In this paper, we contend that the learning bias originates from two factors:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Tianhao Qi , Hongtao Xie , Pandeng Li , Jiannan Ge , Yongdong Zhang

Remarkable progress has been made in object instance detection and segmentation in recent years. However, existing state-of-the-art methods are mostly evaluated with fairly balanced and class-limited benchmarks, such as Microsoft COCO…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-03 Tao Wang , Yu Li , Bingyi Kang , Junnan Li , Jun Hao Liew , Sheng Tang , Steven Hoi , Jiashi Feng

The long-tailed recognition (LTR) is the task of learning high-performance classifiers given extremely imbalanced training samples between categories. Most of the existing works address the problem by either enhancing the features of tail…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Haixu Long , Xiaolin Zhang , Yanbin Liu , Zongtai Luo , Jianbo Liu

Large-scale object detection and instance segmentation face a severe data imbalance. The finer-grained object classes become, the less frequent they appear in our datasets. However, at test-time, we expect a detector that performs well for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Jang Hyun Cho , Philipp Krähenbühl

Long-tailed instance segmentation is a challenging task due to the extreme imbalance of training samples among classes. It causes severe biases of the head classes (with majority samples) against the tailed ones. This renders "how to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Yin-Yin He , Peizhen Zhang , Xiu-Shen Wei , Xiangyu Zhang , Jian Sun

As the class size grows, maintaining a balanced dataset across many classes is challenging because the data are long-tailed in nature; it is even impossible when the sample-of-interest co-exists with each other in one collectable unit,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Kaihua Tang , Jianqiang Huang , Hanwang Zhang

Real world data often have a long-tailed and open-ended distribution. A practical recognition system must classify among majority and minority classes, generalize from a few known instances, and acknowledge novelty upon a never seen…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Ziwei Liu , Zhongqi Miao , Xiaohang Zhan , Jiayun Wang , Boqing Gong , Stella X. Yu

Real-world data often exhibits long tail distributions with heavy class imbalance, where the majority classes can dominate the training process and alter the decision boundaries of the minority classes. Recently, researchers have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Tianhong Li , Peng Cao , Yuan Yuan , Lijie Fan , Yuzhe Yang , Rogerio Feris , Piotr Indyk , Dina Katabi

In this paper, we propose a progressive margin loss (PML) approach for unconstrained facial age classification. Conventional methods make strong assumption on that each class owns adequate instances to outline its data distribution, likely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-04 Zongyong Deng , Hao Liu , Yaoxing Wang , Chenyang Wang , Zekuan Yu , Xuehong Sun

Real world data often exhibits a long-tailed and open-ended (with unseen classes) distribution. A practical recognition system must balance between majority (head) and minority (tail) classes, generalize across the distribution, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Ziwei Liu , Zhongqi Miao , Xiaohang Zhan , Jiayun Wang , Boqing Gong , Stella X. Yu

Object detection has been widely explored for class-balanced datasets such as COCO. However, real-world scenarios introduce the challenge of long-tailed distributions, where numerous categories contain only a few instances. This inherent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Satyam Gaba

In vision domain, large-scale natural datasets typically exhibit long-tailed distribution which has large class imbalance between head and tail classes. This distribution poses difficulty in learning good representations for tail classes.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Anthony Meng Huat Tiong , Junnan Li , Guosheng Lin , Boyang Li , Caiming Xiong , Steven C. H. Hoi

Data in the real-world classification problems are always imbalanced or long-tailed, wherein the majority classes have the most of the samples that dominate the model training. In such setting, the naive model tends to have poor performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Hong Zhu , Runpeng Yu , Xing Tang , Yifei Wang , Yuan Fang , Yisen Wang

Long-tail distribution is widely spread in real-world applications. Due to the extremely small ratio of instances, tail categories often show inferior accuracy. In this paper, we find such performance bottleneck is mainly caused by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Jingru Tan , Bo Li , Xin Lu , Yongqiang Yao , Fengwei Yu , Tong He , Wanli Ouyang

The imbalanced distribution of long-tailed data presents a considerable challenge for deep learning models, as it causes them to prioritize the accurate classification of head classes but largely disregard tail classes. The biased decision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Mengke Li , Zhikai Hu , Yang Lu , Weichao Lan , Yiu-ming Cheung , Hui Huang

Effectively handling the co-occurrence of non-IID data and long-tailed distributions remains a critical challenge in federated learning. While fine-tuning vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP has shown to be promising in addressing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Shihao Hou , Xinyi Shang , Shreyank N Gowda , Yang Lu , Chao Wu , Yan Yan , Hanzi Wang

Recent advances in deep learning have significantly improved predictive accuracy. However, modern neural networks remain systematically overconfident, posing risks for deployment in safety-critical scenarios. Current post-hoc calibration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Haolan Guo , Linwei Tao , Haoyang Luo , Minjing Dong , Chang Xu