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We investigate some aspects of the problem of the estimation of birth distributions (BD) in multi-type Galton-Watson trees (MGW) with unobserved types. More precisely, we consider two-type MGW called spinal-structured trees. This kind of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-19 Romain Azaïs , Benoît Henry

This paper extends the study of fringe trees in random plane trees with a given degree statistic. While previous work established the asymptotic normality of the count of fringe trees isomorphic to a fixed tree, we investigate the case…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-08 Gabriel Berzunza Ojeda , Cecilia Holmgren , Svante Janson

We study a random fragmentation process and its associated random tree. The process has earlier been studied by Dean and Majumdar (J. Phys. A: Math. Gen., vol. 35, L501--L507), who found a phase transition: the number of fragmentations is…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 S. Janson , R. Neininger

In the critical beta-splitting model of a random $n$-leaf binary tree, leaf-sets are recursively split into subsets, and a set of $m$ leaves is split into subsets containing $i$ and $m-i$ leaves with probabilities proportional to…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-09-09 David Aldous , Boris Pittel

The hierarchical and recursive expressive capability of rooted trees is applicable to represent statistical models in various areas, such as data compression, image processing, and machine learning. On the other hand, such hierarchical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Yuta Nakahara , Shota Saito , Akira Kamatsuka , Toshiyasu Matsushima

The main substance of the paper concerns the growth rate and the classification (ergodicity, transience) of a family of random trees. In the basic model, new edges appear according to a Poisson process of parameter $\lambda$ and leaves can…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-07-17 Guy Fayolle , Maxim Krikun , Jean-Marc Lasgouttes

We study random unrooted plane trees with $n$ vertices sampled according to the weights corresponding to the vertex-degrees. Our main result shows that if the generating series of the weights has positive radius of convergence, then this…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-09-17 Leon Ramzews , Benedikt Stufler

We consider a probability distribution on the set of Boolean functions in n variables which is induced by random Boolean expressions. Such an expression is a random rooted plane tree where the internal vertices are labelled with connectives…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-28 Antoine Genitrini , Bernhard Gittenberger , Veronika Kraus , Cécile Mailler

We consider Galton--Watson trees conditioned on both the total number of vertices $n$ and the number of leaves $k$. The focus is on the case in which both $k$ and $n$ grow to infinity and $k = \alpha n + O(1)$, with $\alpha \in (0, 1)$.…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-10-19 Vladislav Kargin

The probability that two randomly selected phylogenetic trees of the same size are isomorphic is found to be asymptotic to a decreasing exponential modulated by a polynomial factor. The number of symmetrical nodes in a random phylogenetic…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-01-07 Miklos Bona , Philippe Flajolet

Given an $\mathbb{N}$-weighted tree automaton, we give a decision procedure for exponential vs polynomial growth (with respect to the input size) in quadratic time, and an algorithm that computes the exact polynomial degree of growth in…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Paul Gallot , Nathan Lhote , Lê Thành Dũng Nguyên

Let $T\_n$ denote the set of unrooted labeled trees of size $n$ and let $T\_n$ be a particular (finite, unlabeled) tree. Assuming that every tree of $T\_n$ is equally likely, it is shown that the limiting distribution as $n$ goes to…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-08-16 Frédéric Chyzak , Michael Drmota , Thomas Klausner , Gerard Kok

We study the influence of the seed in random trees grown according to the uniform attachment model, also known as uniform random recursive trees. We show that different seeds lead to different distributions of limiting trees from a total…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-10-22 Sébastien Bubeck , Ronen Eldan , Elchanan Mossel , Miklós Z. Rácz

The properties of scale-free random trees are investigated using both preconditioning on non-extinction and fixed size averages, in order to study the thermodynamic limit. The scaling form of volume probability is found, the connectivity…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-10 Luca Donetti , Claudio Destri

We study the local limit of the fixed-point forest, a tree structure associated to a simple sorting algorithm on permutations. This local limit can be viewed as an infinite random tree that can be constructed from a Poisson point process…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Samuel Regan , Erik Slivken

We obtain assumption-free, non-asymptotic, uniform bounds on the product of the height and the width of uniformly random trees with a given degree sequence, conditioned Bienaym\'e trees and simply generated trees. We show that for a tree of…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-01-03 Serte Donderwinkel , Robin Khanfir

Empirical observations suggest that in pure even-aged forests, the mean diameter of forest trees (D, diameter at breast height, 1.3 m above ground) tends to remain a constant proportion of stand height (H, average height of the largest…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2009-08-23 Jerome K Vanclay

We study a model of random $\mathcal{R}$-enriched trees that is based on weights on the $\mathcal{R}$-structures and allows for a unified treatment of a large family of random discrete structures. We establish distributional limits…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-12-12 Benedikt Stufler

We study a model of random binary trees grown "by the leaves" in the style of Luczak and Winkler. If $\tau_n$ is a uniform plane binary tree of size $n$, Luczak and Winkler, and later explicitly Caraceni and Stauffer, constructed a measure…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-07 Alessandra Caraceni , Nicolas Curien , Robin Stephenson

We prove an asymptotic Edgeworth expansion for the profiles of certain random trees including binary search trees, random recursive trees and plane-oriented random trees, as the size of the tree goes to infinity. All these models can be…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-10-06 Zakhar Kabluchko , Alexander Marynych , Henning Sulzbach