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The potential of quantum computers to outperform classical ones in practically useful tasks remains challenging in the near term due to scaling limitations and high error rates of current quantum hardware. While quantum error correction…

Recently Shor showed how to perform fault tolerant quantum computation when the error probability is logarithmically small. We improve this bound and describe fault tolerant quantum computation when the error probability is smaller than…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 Dorit Aharonov , Michael Ben-Or

Classical simulation of noisy quantum circuits is essential for understanding quantum computing experiments. It enables scalable error characterization, analysis of how noise impacts quantum algorithms, and optimized implementations of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-22 Ashe Miller , Corey Ostrove , Jordan Hines , Robin Blume-Kohout , Kevin Young , Timothy Proctor

Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) algorithms, which run on noisy quantum computers should be carefully designed to boost the output state fidelity. While several compilation approaches have been proposed to minimize circuit errors,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-01 Vedika Saravanan , Samah Mohamed Saeed

Quantum computing not only holds the potential to solve long-standing problems in quantum physics, but also to offer speed-ups across a broad spectrum of other fields. However, due to the noise and the limited scale of current quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-05 Julien Gacon

Practical implementation of quantum error correction is currently limited by near-term quantum hardware. In contrast, quantum error mitigation has demonstrated strong promise for improving the performance of noisy quantum circuits without…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-02 Dawei Zhong , William Munizzi , Huo Chen , Wibe Albert de Jong

Quantum hardware suffers from intrinsic device heterogeneity and environmental drift, forcing practitioners to choose between suboptimal non-adaptive controllers or costly per-device recalibration. We derive a scaling law lower bound for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Nima Leclerc , Chris Miller , Nicholas Brawand

Accurate and precise control of large quantum systems is paramount to achieve practical advantages on quantum devices. Therefore, benchmarking the hardware errors in quantum computers has drawn significant attention lately. Existing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-18 Bharath Hebbe Madhusudhana

Measurements on near-term quantum processors are inevitably subject to hardware imperfections that lead to readout errors. Mitigation of such unavoidable errors is crucial to better explore and extend the power of near-term quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-19 Kun Wang , Yu-Ao Chen , Xin Wang

Qubit loss and gate failure are significant problems for the development of scalable quantum computing. Recently various schemes have been proposed for tolerating qubit loss and gate failure. These include schemes based on cluster and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Peter P. Rohde , Timothy C. Ralph , William J. Munro

While quantum circuits are reaching impressive widths in the hundreds of qubits, their depths have not been able to keep pace. In particular, cloud computing gates on multi-qubit, fixed-frequency superconducting chips continue to hover…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-13 Boxi Li , Tommaso Calarco , Felix Motzoi

Efficient suppression of errors without full error correction is crucial for applications with NISQ devices. Error mitigation allows us to suppress errors in extracting expectation values without the need for any error correction code, but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-10 Gideon Lee , Connor T. Hann , Shruti Puri , S. M. Girvin , Liang Jiang

A key requirement for scalable quantum computing is that elementary quantum gates can be implemented with sufficiently low error. One method for determining the error behavior of a gate implementation is to perform process tomography.…

Quantum error correction is a set of methods to protect quantum information--that is, quantum states--from unwanted environmental interactions (decoherence) and other forms of noise. The information is stored in a quantum error-correcting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-01 Todd A. Brun

Quantum sensing is an emerging field with the potential to outperform classical methods in both precision and spatial resolution. However, the sensitivity of the underlying quantum platform also makes the sensors highly susceptible to their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-15 Miriam Resch , Dennis Herb , Mirko Rossini , Joachim Ankerhold , Dominik Maile

Current hardware for quantum computing suffers from high levels of noise, and so to achieve practical fault-tolerant quantum computing will require powerful and efficient methods to correct for errors in quantum circuits. Here, we explore…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-16 Aditya Jain , Pavithran Iyer , Stephen D. Bartlett , Joseph Emerson

Quantum simulation of dynamics is an important goal in the NISQ era, within which quantum error mitigation may be a viable path towards modifying or eliminating the effects of noise. Most studies on quantum error mitigation have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-31 Yue Ma , M. S. Kim

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is a class of promising techniques capable of reducing the computational error of variational quantum algorithms tailored for current noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers. The recently proposed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-17 Yifeng Xiong , Soon Xin Ng , Lajos Hanzo

Quantum computation is a topic of significant recent interest, with practical advances coming from both research and industry. A major challenge in quantum programming is dealing with errors (quantum noise) during execution. Because quantum…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-12-04 Shih-Han Hung , Kesha Hietala , Shaopeng Zhu , Mingsheng Ying , Michael Hicks , Xiaodi Wu

Noise is the greatest obstacle in quantum metrology that limits it achievable precision and sensitivity. There are many techniques to mitigate the effect of noise, but this can never be done completely. One commonly proposed technique is to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-27 Nathan Shettell , William J. Munro , Damian Markham , Kae Nemoto