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Building autonomous vehicles (AVs) is a complex problem, but enabling them to operate in the real world where they will be surrounded by human-driven vehicles (HVs) is extremely challenging. Prior works have shown the possibilities of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Rodolfo Valiente , Behrad Toghi , Ramtin Pedarsani , Yaser P. Fallah

The complex functional structure of driverless vehicles induces a multitude of potential malfunctions. Established approaches for a systematic hazard identification generate individual potentially hazardous scenarios for each identified…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-15 Robert Graubohm , Torben Stolte , Gerrit Bagschik , Markus Maurer

Testing of function safety and Safety Of The Intended Functionality (SOTIF) is important for autonomous vehicles (AVs). It is hard to test the AV's hazard response in the real world because it would involve hazards to passengers and other…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Longfei Mo , Min Hua , Hongyu Sun , Hongming Xu , Bin Shuai , Quan Zhou

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are inevitably entering our lives with potential benefits for improved traffic safety, mobility, and accessibility. However, AVs' benefits also introduce a serious potential challenge, in the form of complex…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-08 Xuan Di , Xu Chen , Eric Talley

Despite the successful demonstration of autonomous vehicles (AVs), such as self-driving cars, ensuring AV safety remains a challenging task. Although some actors influence an AV's driving decisions more than others, current approaches pay…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Saurabh Jha , Shengkun Cui , Zbigniew Kalbarczyk , Ravishankar K. Iyer

Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles (AVs) requires identifying rare but critical failure cases that on-road testing alone cannot discover. High-fidelity simulations provide a scalable alternative, but automatically generating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Amar Kulkarni , Shangtong Zhang , Madhur Behl

One of the major impediments in deployment of Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) is their safety and reliability. The primary reason for the complexity of testing ADS is that it operates in an open world characterized by its…

When learning to behave in a stochastic environment where safety is critical, such as driving a vehicle in traffic, it is natural for human drivers to plan fallback strategies as a backup to use if ever there is an unexpected change in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Ugo Lecerf , Christelle Yemdji-Tchassi , Sébastien Aubert , Pietro Michiardi

In order to drive safely and efficiently under merging scenarios, autonomous vehicles should be aware of their surroundings and make decisions by interacting with other road participants. Moreover, different strategies should be made when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-24 Yeping Hu , Alireza Nakhaei , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Kikuo Fujimura

The long-tail distribution of real driving data poses challenges for training and testing autonomous vehicles (AV), where rare yet crucial safety-critical scenarios are infrequent. And virtual simulation offers a low-cost and efficient…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Ziyuan Yang , Zhaoyang Li , Jianming Hu , Yi Zhang

Simulation environments are good for learning different driving tasks like lane changing, parking or handling intersections etc. in an abstract manner. However, these simulation environments often restrict themselves to operate under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Ashish Rana , Avleen Malhi

Reinforcement learning (RL) in autonomous driving employs a trial-and-error mechanism, enhancing robustness in unpredictable environments. However, crafting effective reward functions remains challenging, as conventional approaches rely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yongming Chen , Miner Chen , Liewen Liao , Mingyang Jiang , Xiang Zuo , Hengrui Zhang , Yuchen Xi , Songan Zhang

An open question in autonomous driving is how best to use simulation to validate the safety of autonomous vehicles. Existing techniques rely on simulated rollouts, which can be inefficient for finding rare failure events, while other…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Anthony Corso , Ritchie Lee , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

The development of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) has made significant progress in the last years. An important aspect in the development of AVs is the assessment of their safety. New approaches need to be worked out. Among these, real-world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Erwin de Gelder , Olaf Op den Camp

Autonomous driving and its widespread adoption have long held tremendous promise. Nevertheless, without a trustworthy and thorough testing procedure, not only does the industry struggle to mass-produce autonomous vehicles (AV), but neither…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Haoyi Niu , Kun Ren , Yizhou Xu , Ziyuan Yang , Yichen Lin , Yi Zhang , Jianming Hu

In a typical traffic scenario, autonomous vehicles are required to share the road with other road participants, e.g., human driven vehicles, pedestrians, etc. To successfully navigate the traffic, a cognitive hierarchy theory such as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-24 Gokul S. Sankar , Kyoungseok Han

We examine the problem of adversarial reinforcement learning for multi-agent domains including a rule-based agent. Rule-based algorithms are required in safety-critical applications for them to work properly in a wide range of situations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Akifumi Wachi

Communication technologies enable coordination among connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs). However, it remains unclear how to utilize shared information to improve the safety and efficiency of the CAV system in dynamic and complicated…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Zhili Zhang , Songyang Han , Jiangwei Wang , Fei Miao

Multi-agent cyber-physical systems are present in a variety of applications. Agent decision-making can be affected due to errors induced by uncertain, dynamic operating environments or due to incorrect actions taken by an agent. When an…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-29 Luyao Niu , Hongchao Zhang , Dinuka Sahabandu , Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Andrew Clark , Radha Poovendran

Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is paramount in their development and deployment. Safety-critical scenarios pose more severe challenges, necessitating efficient testing methods to validate AVs safety. This study focuses on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Rui Zhou