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Federated learning (FL) operates based on model exchanges between the server and the clients, and it suffers from significant client-side computation and communication burden. Split federated learning (SFL) arises a promising solution by…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Yiannis Papageorgiou , Yannis Thomas , Alexios Filippakopoulos , Ramin Khalili , Iordanis Koutsopoulos

In this paper, we propose a novel distributed learning scheme, named group-based split federated learning (GSFL), to speed up artificial intelligence (AI) model training. Specifically, the GSFL operates in a split-then-federated manner,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Songge Zhang , Wen Wu , Penghui Hu , Shaofeng Li , Ning Zhang

Split federated learning (SFL) is a recent distributed approach for collaborative model training among multiple clients. In SFL, a global model is typically split into two parts, where clients train one part in a parallel federated manner,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Pengchao Han , Chao Huang , Geng Tian , Ming Tang , Xin Liu

A fundamental challenge to providing edge-AI services is the need for a machine learning (ML) model that achieves personalization (i.e., to individual clients) and generalization (i.e., to unseen data) properties concurrently. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Dong-Jun Han , Do-Yeon Kim , Minseok Choi , Christopher G. Brinton , Jaekyun Moon

Data privacy concerns has made centralized training of data, which is scattered across silos, infeasible, leading to the need for collaborative learning frameworks. To address that, two prominent frameworks emerged, i.e., federated learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Tianchen Zhou , Zhanyi Hu , Bingzhe Wu , Cen Chen

In the distributed collaborative machine learning (DCML) paradigm, federated learning (FL) recently attracted much attention due to its applications in health, finance, and the latest innovations such as industry 4.0 and smart vehicles. FL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Chandra Thapa , M. A. P. Chamikara , Seyit A. Camtepe

Privacy-preserving machine learning has become a key conundrum for multi-party artificial intelligence. Federated learning (FL) and Split Learning (SL) are two frameworks that enable collaborative learning while keeping the data private (on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Frédéric Berdoz , Abhishek Singh , Martin Jaggi , Ramesh Raskar

Federated learning (FL) enables the training of a model leveraging decentralized data in client sites while preserving privacy by not collecting data. However, one of the significant challenges of FL is limited computation and low…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Riyasat Ohib , Bishal Thapaliya , Pratyush Gaggenapalli , Jingyu Liu , Vince Calhoun , Sergey Plis

Private data, being larger and quality-higher than public data, can greatly improve large language models (LLM). However, due to privacy concerns, this data is often dispersed in multiple silos, making its secure utilization for LLM…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-24 JiaYing Zheng , HaiNan Zhang , LingXiang Wang , WangJie Qiu , HongWei Zheng , ZhiMing Zheng

Split Federated Learning (SFL) has recently emerged as a promising distributed learning technology, leveraging the strengths of both federated and split learning. It emphasizes the advantages of rapid convergence while addressing privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Joohyung Lee , Mohamed Seif , Jungchan Cho , H. Vincent Poor

Split Federated Learning (SFL) is a distributed machine learning paradigm that combines federated learning and split learning. In SFL, a neural network is partitioned at a cut layer, with the initial layers deployed on clients and remaining…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Justin Dachille , Chao Huang , Xin Liu

Federated learning (FL) is a technique that trains machine learning models from decentralized data sources. We study FL under local notions of privacy constraints, which provides strong protection against sensitive data disclosures via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Yan Feng , Tao Xiong , Ruofan Wu , LingJuan Lv , Leilei Shi

Federated Learning (FL) emerged as a learning method to enable the server to train models over data distributed among various clients. These clients are protective about their data being leaked to the server, any other client, or an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Uday Bhaskar , Varul Srivastava , Avyukta Manjunatha Vummintala , Naresh Manwani , Sujit Gujar

Split learning emerges as a promising paradigm for collaborative distributed model training, akin to federated learning, by partitioning neural networks between clients and a server without raw data exchange. However, sequential split…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Mengdi Wang , Efe Bozkir , Enkelejda Kasneci

Federated learning (FL) aggregation on serverless platforms faces a hard scalability ceiling: existing architectures (lambda-FL, LIFL) partition clients across aggregators, but every aggregator must hold the complete model gradient in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Amine Barrak

With the proliferation of distributed edge computing resources, the 6G mobile network will evolve into a network for connected intelligence. Along this line, the proposal to incorporate federated learning into the mobile edge has gained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Zheng Lin , Guanqiao Qu , Xianhao Chen , Kaibin Huang

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging paradigm that permits a large number of clients with heterogeneous data to coordinate learning of a unified global model without the need to share data amongst each other. A major challenge in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Irene Tenison , Sai Aravind Sreeramadas , Vaikkunth Mugunthan , Edouard Oyallon , Irina Rish , Eugene Belilovsky

Federated Learning (FL) and Split Learning (SL) are two popular paradigms of distributed machine learning. By offloading the computation-intensive portions to the server, SL is promising for deep model training on resource-constrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Yipeng Li , Xinchen Lyu

Split Federated Learning (SFL) enables collaborative training between resource-constrained edge devices and a compute-rich server. Communication overhead is a central issue in SFL and can be mitigated with auxiliary networks. Yet, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Zhoubin Kou , Zihan Chen , Jing Yang , Cong Shen

Decentralized Federated Learning (DFL) enables clients with local data to collaborate in a peer-to-peer manner to train a generalized model. In this paper, we unify two branches of work that have separately solved important challenges in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Shahryar Zehtabi , Dong-Jun Han , Seyyedali Hosseinalipour , Christopher Brinton