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This work examines the use of contradiction in natural language inference (NLI) for question answering (QA). Typically, NLI systems help answer questions by determining if a potential answer is \emph{entailed} (supported) by some background…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Étienne Fortier-Dubois , Domenic Rosati

With the growing number and size of Linked Data datasets, it is crucial to make the data accessible and useful for users without knowledge of formal query languages. Two approaches towards this goal are knowledge graph visualization and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-07-22 Gerhard Wohlgenannt , Dmitry Mouromtsev , Dmitry Pavlov , Yury Emelyanov , Alexey Morozov

Despite advancements in state-of-the-art models and information retrieval techniques, current systems still struggle to handle temporal information and to correctly answer detailed questions about past events. In this paper, we investigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Mehmet Kardan , Bhawna Piryani , Adam Jatowt

Visual question answering (VQA) is a challenging task, which has attracted more and more attention in the field of computer vision and natural language processing. However, the current visual question answering has the problem of language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Desen Yuan

Product question answering (PQA), aiming to automatically provide instant responses to customer's questions in E-Commerce platforms, has drawn increasing attention in recent years. Compared with typical QA problems, PQA exhibits unique…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Yang Deng , Wenxuan Zhang , Qian Yu , Wai Lam

The first step of processing a question in Question Answering(QA) Systems is to carry out a detailed analysis of the question for the purpose of determining what it is asking for and how to perfectly approach answering it. Our Question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-01-12 Waheeb Ahmed , Dr. Anto P Babu

We analyze the language learned by an agent trained with reinforcement learning as a component of the ActiveQA system [Buck et al., 2017]. In ActiveQA, question answering is framed as a reinforcement learning task in which an agent sits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-01-24 Christian Buck , Jannis Bulian , Massimiliano Ciaramita , Wojciech Gajewski , Andrea Gesmundo , Neil Houlsby , Wei Wang

Product Question Answering (PQA) systems are key in e-commerce applications to provide responses to customers' questions as they shop for products. While existing work on PQA focuses mainly on English, in practice there is need to support…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Xiaoyu Shen , Akari Asai , Bill Byrne , Adrià de Gispert

Information-seeking dialogues span a wide range of questions, from simple factoid to complex queries that require exploring multiple facets and viewpoints. When performing exploratory searches in unfamiliar domains, users may lack…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Weronika Łajewska , Krisztian Balog , Damiano Spina , Johanne Trippas

Question answering (QA) is an important aspect of open-domain conversational agents, garnering specific research focus in the conversational QA (ConvQA) subtask. One notable limitation of recent ConvQA efforts is the response being answer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Ashutosh Baheti , Alan Ritter , Kevin Small

Question Answering (QA) is increasingly used by search engines to provide results to their end-users, yet very few websites currently use QA technologies for their search functionality. To illustrate the potential of QA technologies for the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Kunpeng Guo , Clement Defretiere , Dennis Diefenbach , Christophe Gravier , Antoine Gourru

Search systems on the Web rely on user input to generate relevant results. Since early information retrieval systems, users are trained to issue keyword searches and adapt to the language of the system. Recent research has shown that users…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Andrea Papenmeier , Dagmar Kern , Daniel Hienert , Alfred Sliwa , Ahmet Aker , Norbert Fuhr

Complex question answering (CQA) over raw text is a challenging task. A prominent approach to this task is based on the programmer-interpreter framework, where the programmer maps the question into a sequence of reasoning actions which is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Xiao-Yu Guo , Yuan-Fang Li , Gholamreza Haffari

Automatic question generation (AQG) has broad applicability in domains such as tutoring systems, conversational agents, healthcare literacy, and information retrieval. Existing efforts at AQG have been limited to short answer lengths of up…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Shlok Kumar Mishra , Pranav Goel , Abhishek Sharma , Abhyuday Jagannatha , David Jacobs , Hal Daumé

Semantic Question Answering (SQA) systems automatically interpret user questions expressed in a natural language in terms of semantic queries. This process involves uncertainty, such that the resulting queries do not always accurately match…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Hamid Zafar , Mohnish Dubey , Jens Lehmann , Elena Demidova

Question answering (QA) has achieved promising progress recently. However, answering a question in real-world scenarios like the medical domain is still challenging, due to the requirement of external knowledge and the insufficient quantity…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Sheng Shen , Yaliang Li , Nan Du , Xian Wu , Yusheng Xie , Shen Ge , Tao Yang , Kai Wang , Xingzheng Liang , Wei Fan

Conversational Question Answering (ConvQA) models aim at answering a question with its relevant paragraph and previous question-answer pairs that occurred during conversation multiple times. To apply such models to a real-world scenario,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Soyeong Jeong , Jinheon Baek , Sung Ju Hwang , Jong C. Park

Natural language understanding (NLU) of text is a fundamental challenge in AI, and it has received significant attention throughout the history of NLP research. This primary goal has been studied under different tasks, such as Question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Daniel Khashabi

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is the task of answering questions based on image content. Building upon this, Knowledge-Based VQA (KB-VQA) requires models to answer questions that depend on external knowledge beyond the visual content of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Wei Ye , Yixin Su , Yueguo Chen , Longxiang Gao , Jianjun Li , Ruixuan Li , Rui Zhang

Question Answering (QA) is the task of automatically answering questions posed by humans in natural languages. There are different settings to answer a question, such as abstractive, extractive, boolean, and multiple-choice QA. As a popular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Zhichao Duan , Xiuxing Li , Zhengyan Zhang , Zhenyu Li , Ning Liu , Jianyong Wang
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