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Optically read out gaseous detectors are used in track reconstruction and imaging applications requiring high granularity images. Among resolution-determining factors, the amplification stage plays a crucial role and optimisations of…
Aims: Stellar activity may complicate the analysis of high-precision radial-velocity spectroscopic data when looking for exoplanets signatures. We aim at quantifying the impact of stellar spots on stars with various spectral types and…
The scaling behaviour of the diffraction intensity near the origin is investigated for (partially) ordered systems, with an emphasis on illustrative, rigorous results. This is an established method to detect and quantify the fluctuation…
Point-spread-function (PSF) engineering is a well-established computational imaging technique that uses phase masks and other optical elements to embed extra information (e.g., depth) into the images captured by conventional CMOS image…
Real-time seeing estimation at the focus of a telescope is nowadays strongly emphasized as this knowledge virtually drives the dimensioning of adaptive optics systems and instrument operational aspects. In this context we study the interest…
In order to take full advantage of the U.S. Department of Energy's billion-dollar investments into the next-generation research infrastructure (e.g., exascale, light sources, colliders), advances are required not only in detector technology…
Nanoscale localization of point emitters is critical to several methods in optical fluorescence microscopy, including single-molecule super-resolution imaging and tracking. While the precision of the localization procedure has been the…
We present an algorithm capable of detecting diffuse, dim sources of any size in an astronomical image. These sources often defeat traditional methods for source finding, which expand regions around points of high intensity. Extended…
It is shown that the diffraction on a polycrystal can be used for investigation and diagnostics of X-ray radiation emitted in a forward direction by relativistic charged particles moving in crystalline or other targets or fields. Methods…
The high resolution and sensitivity provided by proposed Atacama Large Millimeter Array will reveal new small scale structures in many sources, e.g. star forming regions. Such inhomogeneities may not have been considered in the analysis of…
The average scattered intensity is determined by the optical characteristics of particles in dispersion. The normalized time auto-correlation function of the scattered light intensity $g^{(2)}(\tau) $ includes both the optical and…
We present a set of new numerical methods that are relevant to calculating radiation pressure terms in hydrodynamics calculations, with a particular focus on massive star formation. The radiation force is determined from a Monte Carlo…
Wavefront shaping is a technique for directing light through turbid media. The theoretical aspects of wavefront shaping are well understood, and under near-ideal experimental conditions, accurate predictions for the expected signal…
The hard X-ray (HXR) emission in solar flares comes almost exclusively from a very small part of the flaring region, the footpoints of magnetic loops. Using RHESSI observations of solar flare footpoints, we determine the radial positions…
A new method is proposed for directly measuring the expansion rate of the universe through very precise measurement of the fluence of extremely stable sources. The method is based on the definition of the luminosity distance and its change…
The point spread function (PSF) of a translation invariant imaging system is its impulse response, which cannot always be measured directly. This is the case in high energy X-ray radiography, and it must be estimated from images of…
Laser-driven proton sources have long been developed with an eye on their potential for medical application to radiation therapy. These sources are compact, versatile, and show peculiar characteristics such as extreme instantaneous dose…
Watching the motion of electrons on their natural nanometre length- and femtosecond time scales is a fundamental goal and an open challenge of contemporary ultrafast science. Optical techniques and electron microscopy currently mostly…
The generation of a sky model for calibration of Square Kilometre Array observations requires a fast method of automatic point source detection and characterisation. In recent years, point source detection in two-dimensional images has been…
Real-time seeing and outer scale estimation at the location of the focus of a telescope is fundamental for the adaptive optics systems dimensioning and performance prediction, as well as for the operational aspects of instruments. This…