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The photochemical haze produced in the upper atmosphere of Titan plays a key role in various atmospheric and surface processes on Titan. The surface energy, one important physical properties of the haze, is crucial for understanding the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-23 Xinting Yu , Sarah Horst , Chao He , Patricia McGuiggan , Kai Kristiansen , Xi Zhang

The Cassini-Huygens mission detected large negative ions in Titan's ionosphere at pressures as low as $10^{-6}$ torr. These ions ultimately polymerize to form Titan's complex organic haze particles, which are observed throughout the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-23 Adis Husić , Xinting Yu , Ryan C. Blase , Edward L. Patrick , Eric Austin , Alan G. Whittington

The organic haze produced from complex CH4/N2 chemistry in the atmosphere of Titan plays an important role in processes that occur in the atmosphere and on its surface. The haze particles act as condensation nuclei and are therefore…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-05-27 Sarah M. Horst , Margaret A. Tolbert

Titan, the biggest moon of Saturn, has a thick atmosphere which presents similarities with the one thought to be on Earth at its beginning. The study of Titan s photochemical haze is thus a precious tool in gaining knowledge of the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-06-26 Julien Maillard , Nathalie Carrasco , Isabelle Schmitz-Afonso , Thomas Gautier , Carlos Afonso

Titan has a climate system with similarities to Earth, including the presence of a thick atmosphere made up of several atmospheric layers. As on Earth, Titan's climate is influenced by several factors: the gaseous species making up the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-17 Zoé Perrin , Nathalie Carrasco , Thomas Gautier , Nathalie Ruscassier , Julien Maillard , Carlos Afonso , Ludovic Vettier

To understand the origin of the dunes on Titan, it is important to investigate the material properties of Titan's organic sand particles on Titan. The organic sand may behave distinctively compared to the quartz/basaltic sand on terrestrial…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-31 Xinting Yu , Sarah M. Hörst , Chao He , Patricia McGuiggan , Nathan T. Bridges

We present results of an investigation into the formation of nitrogen-bearing molecules in the atmosphere of Titan. We extend a previous model (Li et al. 2015, 2016) to cover the region below the tropopause, so the new model treats the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-05 Karen Willacy , Mark Allen , Yuk Yung

Titan's thick atmosphere is primarily composed of nitrogen and methane. Complex chemistry happening in Titan's atmosphere produces optically thick organic hazes. These hazes play significant roles in Titan's atmosphere and on its surface,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-17 Chao He , Sarah M. Horst , Michael Radke , Marcella Yant

Numerous solar system atmospheres possess aerosols including the characteristic organic hazes of Titan and Pluto. Haze particles substantially impact atmospheric temperatures structures and may provide organic material to the surface of a…

The formation and evolution of haze layers in planetary atmospheres play a critical role in shaping their chemical composition, radiative balance, and optical properties. In the outer solar system, the atmospheres of Titan and the giant…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-06 David Dubois

Impacts are critical to producing the aqueous environments necessary to stimulate prebiotic chemistry on Titan's surface. Furthermore, organic hazes resting on the surface are a likely feedstock of biomolecules. In this work, we conduct…

We study the interaction of atomic and molecular hydrogen with a surface of tholin, a man-made polymer considered to be an analogue of aerosol particles present in Titan's atmosphere, using thermal programmed desorption at low temperatures…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2010-10-08 Ling Li , Hui Zhao , Gianfranco Vidali , Yechiel Frank , Ingo Lohmar , Hagai B. Perets , Ofer Biham

Titan has a diverse range of materials in its atmosphere and on its surface: the simple organics that reside in various phases (gas, liquid, ice) and the solid complex refractory organics that form Titan's haze layers. These materials all…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-14 Xinting Yu , Yue Yu , Julia Garver , Jialin Li , Abigale Hawthorn , Ella Sciamma-O'Brien , Xi Zhang , Erika Barth

The organic haze of aerosols that shrouds the Saturnian moon Titan has previously been studied by both observations and laboratory simulation experiments. Here we report the abiotic formation of amino acid precursors in complex organic…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-09-26 Toshinori Taniuchi , Yoshinori Takano , Kensei Kobayashi

Titan is one of the more distinctive bodies in our solar system. In addition to being the largest of Saturn's moons, its thick atmosphere gene-rates interest because of its similarities and differences with Earth [1, 2]. Like Earth, Titan's…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2010-10-21 C. C. Harris , L. S. Matthews , T. W. Hyde

Titan's atmosphere possesses thick haze layers, but their formation mechanisms remain poorly understood, including the influence of oxygen-containing gas components on organic matter synthesis. As the most abundant oxygen-containing gas,…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-06-19 Zhengbo Yang , Yu Liu , Chao He , Pengcheng Yu , Rong Jin , Xiangqun Liu , Jinpu Zhang , Jiuhou Lei

Simulations of Titan's atmospheric transmission and surface reflectivity have been developed in order to estimate how Titan's atmosphere and surface properties could affect performances of the Cassini radar experiment. In this paper we…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-07-17 S. Rodriguez , P. Paillou , M. Dobrijevic , G. Ruffié , P. Coll , J. M. Bernard , P. Encrenaz

The aerosols present in the atmosphere of the Saturn s moon Titan are of particular planetary science interest and several spacecraft missions already allowed to gather spectroscopic data. Titan haze s analogs, so-called tholins, were…

Titan is the only moon with a substantial atmosphere, the only other thick N$_{2}$ atmosphere besides Earth's, the site of extraordinarily complex atmospheric chemistry that far surpasses any other solar system atmosphere, and the only…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-10 Sarah M. Hörst

Two sorts of solid organic samples can be produced in laboratory experiments simulating Titan atmospheric reactivity: grains in the volume and thin films on the reactor walls. We expect that grains are more representative of Titan…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-05-05 N. Carrasco , F. Jomard , J. Vigneron , A. Etcheberry , G. Cernogora
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