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With the research into development of quadruped robots picking up pace, learning based techniques are being explored for developing locomotion controllers for such robots. A key problem is to generate leg trajectories for continuously…

Quadrupeds transition spontaneously to various gait patterns (e.g., walk, trot, pace, gallop) in response to the locomotion speed. The generation of these gait patterns has been the subject of debate for a long time. We propose a coupled…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2013-10-30 Atsushi Tero , Masakazu Akiyama , Dai Owaki , Takeshi Kano , Akio Ishiguro , Ryo Kobayashi

Galloping is a common high-speed gait in both animals and quadrupedal robots, yet its energetic characteristics remain insufficiently explored. This study systematically analyzes a large number of possible galloping gaits by categorizing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Yasser G. Alqaham , Jing Cheng , Zhenyu Gan

There is a growing interest in learning a velocity command tracking controller of quadruped robot using reinforcement learning due to its robustness and scalability. However, a single policy, trained end-to-end, usually shows a single gait…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Yunho Kim , Bukun Son , Dongjun Lee

It is often overlooked by roboticists when designing locomotion controllers for their legged machines, that energy consumption plays an important role in selecting the best gaits for locomotion at high speeds or over long distances. The…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Yasser G. Alqaham , Jing Cheng , Zhenyu Gan

Developing natural and diverse locomotion controllers for quadruped robots that can adapt to complex terrains while preserving motion style remains a significant challenge. Existing imitation-based methods face a fundamental optimization…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zhiquan Wang , Yunyu Liu , Dipam Patel , Ayush Kumar , Aniket Bera , Bedrich Benes

Multi-legged robots offer enhanced stability in complex terrains, yet autonomously learning natural and robust motions in such environments remains challenging. Drawing inspiration from animals' progressive learning patterns, from simple to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Yinghui Li , Jinze Wu , Xin Liu , Weizhong Guo , Yufei Xue

We address the challenge of effectively controlling the locomotion of legged robots by incorporating precise frequency and phase characteristics, which is often ignored in locomotion policies that do not account for the periodic nature of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Taixian Hou , Yueqi Zhang , Xiaoyi Wei , Zhiyan Dong , Jiafu Yi , Peng Zhai , Lihua Zhang

Synthesizing a stable gait that enables a quadruped robot to climb stairs is the focus of this paper. To this end, first a stable transition from initial to desired configuration is made based on the minimum number of steps and maximum use…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Ali Zamani , Mahdi Khorram , S. Ali A. Moosavian

Dynamic patterns are characterized by complex spatial and motion patterns. Understanding dynamic patterns requires a disentangled representational model that separates the factorial components. A commonly used model for dynamic patterns is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Jianwen Xie , Ruiqi Gao , Zilong Zheng , Song-Chun Zhu , Ying Nian Wu

With the rapid development of embodied intelligence, locomotion control of quadruped robots on complex terrains has become a research hotspot. Unlike traditional locomotion control approaches focusing solely on velocity tracking, we pursue…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Xiangyu Miao , Jun Sun , Hang Lai , Xinpeng Di , Jiahang Cao , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang

Legged robots leverage ground contacts and the reaction forces they provide to achieve agile locomotion. However, uncertainty coupled with contact discontinuities can lead to failure, especially in real-world environments with unexpected…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Yanhao Yang , Joseph Norby , Justin K. Yim , Aaron M. Johnson

Gait, the walking pattern of individuals, is one of the most important biometrics modalities. Most of the existing gait recognition methods take silhouettes or articulated body models as the gait features. These methods suffer from degraded…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-11 Ziyuan Zhang , Luan Tran , Xi Yin , Yousef Atoum , Xiaoming Liu , Jian Wan , Nanxin Wang

We present a deep generative model that learns disentangled static and dynamic representations of data from unordered input. Our approach exploits regularities in sequential data that exist regardless of the order in which the data is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-12-11 Leonhard Helminger , Abdelaziz Djelouah , Markus Gross , Romann M. Weber

The Central Pattern Generator (CPG) is adept at generating rhythmic gait patterns characterized by consistent timing and adequate foot clearance. Yet, its open-loop configuration often compromises the system's control performance in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Xinyu Zhang , Zhiyuan Xiao , Qingrui Zhang , Wei Pan

Bounding is one of the important gaits in quadrupedal locomotion for negotiating obstacles. The authors proposed an effective approach that can learn robust bounding gaits more efficiently despite its large variation in dynamic body…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Zhicheng Wang , Anqiao Li , Yixiao Zheng , Anhuan Xie , Zhibin Li , Jun Wu , Qiuguo Zhu

Spring-based actuators in legged locomotion provide energy-efficiency and improved performance, but increase the difficulty of controller design. While previous work has focused on extensive modeling and simulation to find optimal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Antonin Raffin , Daniel Seidel , Jens Kober , Alin Albu-Schäffer , João Silvério , Freek Stulp

Legged robot locomotion requires the planning of stable reference trajectories, especially while traversing uneven terrain. The proposed trajectory optimization framework is capable of generating dynamically stable base and footstep…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Oguzhan Cebe , Carlo Tiseo , Guiyang Xin , Hsiu-chin Lin , Joshua Smith , Michael Mistry

We present an imitation learning framework that extracts distinctive legged locomotion behaviors and transitions between them from unlabeled real-world motion data. By automatically discovering behavioral modes and mapping user steering…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Dongho Kang , Jin Cheng , Fatemeh Zargarbashi , Taerim Yoon , Sungjoon Choi , Stelian Coros

This paper presents a role-adaptive Leader-Follower-based formation planning and control framework for teams of quadruped robots operating in cluttered environments. Unlike conventional methods with fixed leaders or rigid formation roles,…