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This paper provides an empirical study explores the application of deep learning algorithms-Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Transformer-in constructing long-short stock…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-11-26 Junjie Guo

Financial trading has been widely analyzed for decades with market participants and academics always looking for advanced methods to improve trading performance. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL), a recently reinvigorated method with…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-06-17 Ali Hirsa , Joerg Osterrieder , Branka Hadji-Misheva , Jan-Alexander Posth

The paper explores the use of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) in stock market trading, focusing on two algorithms: Double Deep Q-Network (DDQN) and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) and compares them with Buy and Hold benchmark. It…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-06-06 Jędrzej Maskiewicz , Paweł Sakowski

This scientific research paper presents an innovative approach based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to solve the algorithmic trading problem of determining the optimal trading position at any point in time during a trading activity in…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2022-06-06 Thibaut Théate , Damien Ernst

Portfolio optimization is essential for balancing risk and return in financial decision-making. Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has stood out as a cutting-edge tool for portfolio optimization that learns dynamic asset allocation using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Himanshu Choudhary , Arishi Orra , Manoj Thakur

This paper presents a Double Deep Q-Network algorithm for trading single assets, namely the E-mini S&P 500 continuous futures contract. We use a proven setup as the foundation for our environment with multiple extensions. The features of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Frensi Zejnullahu , Maurice Moser , Joerg Osterrieder

With the fast development of quantitative portfolio optimization in financial engineering, lots of AI-based algorithmic trading strategies have demonstrated promising results, among which reinforcement learning begins to manifest…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-03-10 Huifang Huang , Ting Gao , Pengbo Li , Jin Guo , Peng Zhang , Nan Du

High-frequency trading is prevalent, where automated decisions must be made quickly to take advantage of price imbalances and patterns in price action that forecast near-future movements. While many algorithms have been explored and tested,…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-11-07 Koti S. Jaddu , Paul A. Bilokon

We present a framework for hedging a portfolio of derivatives in the presence of market frictions such as transaction costs, market impact, liquidity constraints or risk limits using modern deep reinforcement machine learning methods. We…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2018-02-12 Hans Bühler , Lukas Gonon , Josef Teichmann , Ben Wood

In recent years, a wide range of investment models have been created using artificial intelligence. Automatic trading by artificial intelligence can expand the range of trading methods, such as by conferring the ability to operate 24 hours…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-12-17 Koya Ishikawa , Kazuhide Nakata

This paper presents a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework for dynamic portfolio optimization under market uncertainty and risk. The proposed model integrates a Sharpe ratio-based reward function with direct risk control mechanisms,…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-11-17 Emmanuel Lwele , Sabuni Emmanuel , Sitali Gabriel Sitali

Stock trading is one of the popular ways for financial management. However, the market and the environment of economy is unstable and usually not predictable. Furthermore, engaging in stock trading requires time and effort to analyze,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yunfei Luo , Zhangqi Duan

Deep learning offers new tools for portfolio optimization. We present an end-to-end framework that directly learns portfolio weights by combining Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to model temporal patterns, Graph Attention Networks…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-05-27 Yun Lin , Jiawei Lou , Jinghe Zhang

Financial portfolio management describes the task of distributing funds and conducting trading operations on a set of financial assets, such as stocks, index funds, foreign exchange or cryptocurrencies, aiming to maximize the profit while…

Dynamic Portfolio optimization is the process of distribution and rebalancing of a fund into different financial assets such as stocks, cryptocurrencies, etc, in consecutive trading periods to maximize accumulated profits or minimize risks…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-02-15 Kumar Yashaswi

Generating asset-specific trading signals based on the financial conditions of the assets is one of the challenging problems in automated trading. Various asset trading rules are proposed experimentally based on different technical analysis…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Mehran Taghian , Ahmad Asadi , Reza Safabakhsh

In this paper, we propose a machine learning algorithm for time-inconsistent portfolio optimization. The proposed algorithm builds upon neural network based trading schemes, in which the asset allocation at each time point is determined by…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2023-09-06 Kristoffer Andersson , Cornelis W. Oosterlee

Portfolio construction traditionally relies on separately estimating expected returns and covariance matrices using historical statistics, often leading to suboptimal allocation under time-varying market conditions. This paper proposes a…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-03-23 Keonvin Park

More and more stock trading strategies are constructed using deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms, but DRL methods originally widely used in the gaming community are not directly adaptable to financial data with low signal-to-noise…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-07-27 Jie Zou , Jiashu Lou , Baohua Wang , Sixue Liu

Classical portfolio optimization often requires forecasting asset returns and their corresponding variances in spite of the low signal-to-noise ratio provided in the financial markets. Modern deep reinforcement learning (DRL) offers a…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2023-05-19 Alessio Brini , Daniele Tantari